(1) Although most studies emphasise the similarity of the australopithecines to modern man, and suggest, therefore, that these creatures were bipedal tool-makers at least one form of which (Australopithecus africanus--"Homo habilis", "Homo africanus") was almost directly ancestral to man, a series of multivariate statistical studies of various postcranial fragments suggests other conclusions.
(2) Advances in techniques for absolute dating and reassessments of the fossils themselves have rendered untenable a simple unilineal model of human evolution, in which Homo habilis succeeded the australopithecines and then evolved via H. erectus into H. sapiens-but no clear alternative consensus has yet emerged.
(3) The fossil evidence suggests that Homo habilis and Paranthropus may have attained a similar grade of bipedality at roughly 1.8 m.y.
(4) The one early hominid to show a significant departure from this adaptive pattern toward later hominids-cranially, dentally, and postcranially-is H. habilis from East Africa.
(5) Species of the Australopithecus genus were twin species for Homo habilis and H. erectus.
(6) Results indicate that there is no empirical basis for using a CV of 10 as a standard to detect multiple species in H. habilis.
(7) Supporters of this view used a CV of 10 as a standard to determine that 1) the H. habilis CV of 12.7 indicates multiple species and 2) there is a low probability of H. habilis specimens KNM-ER 1470 and KNM-ER 1813 being members of the same taxon.
(8) Using hindlimb joint size of specimens of relatively certain taxonomy and assuming these measures were more like those of modern humans than of apes, the male and female averages are as follows: Australopithecus afarensis, 45 and 29 kg; A. africanus, 41 and 30 kg; A. robustus, 40 and 32 kg; A. boisei, 49 and 34 kg; H. habilis, 52 and 32 kg.
(9) Endocranial volume (ECV) variability as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) has been important in supporting the view that more than one species is represented in Homo habilis.
(10) Additionally, the broad 95% statistical confidence limits (5.1-20.3) indicate that the CV estimate of 12.7 for H. habilis is not sufficiently reliable to allow biologically meaningful interpretation.
(11) Significant differences in the coefficient of variation exist between all possible pairs of taxa with the exception of Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
(12) The evidence from ECV variability does not support the argument for multiple species in H. habilis.
(13) Language with this property therefore presumably evolved with the Homo line somewhere between H. habilis and H. sapiens sapiens.
(14) This specimen's craniodental anatomy indicates attribution to Homo habilis, but its postcranial anatomy, including small body size and relatively long arms, is strikingly similar to that of some early Australopithecus individuals.
(15) However, if the CV for H. habilis is actually 12.7, it still falls within the range of variation for single species of modern hominoids.
(16) Both phenomena may go back at least to Homo habilis, 2-3 million years ago.
(17) Non-dental criteria were used to allocate the specimens into four major taxonomic categories (EAFROB, EAFHOM, SAFROB and SAFGRA), approximating to the hypodigms of, respectively, A. boisei, H. habilis and Homo sp., A. robustus and A. africanus.
(18) The new find supports the view that the Sterkfontein toolmaker was not the earlier A. africanus, but a later hominid related to Homo habilis.
(19) The discovery suggests meat was on the menu far back in our evolutionary history, and long before the arrival of the first human species, Homo habilis , 2.3m years ago.
(20) Guests included General Haidar Saleh Habili and the Sultan of Shabwan.
Wear
Definition:
(n.) Same as Weir.
(v. t.) To cause to go about, as a vessel, by putting the helm up, instead of alee as in tacking, so that the vessel's bow is turned away from, and her stern is presented to, the wind, and, as she turns still farther, her sails fill on the other side; to veer.
(v. t.) To carry or bear upon the person; to bear upon one's self, as an article of clothing, decoration, warfare, bondage, etc.; to have appendant to one's body; to have on; as, to wear a coat; to wear a shackle.
(v. t.) To have or exhibit an appearance of, as an aspect or manner; to bear; as, she wears a smile on her countenance.
(v. t.) To use up by carrying or having upon one's self; hence, to consume by use; to waste; to use up; as, to wear clothes rapidly.
(v. t.) To impair, waste, or diminish, by continual attrition, scraping, percussion, on the like; to consume gradually; to cause to lower or disappear; to spend.
(v. t.) To cause or make by friction or wasting; as, to wear a channel; to wear a hole.
(v. t.) To form or shape by, or as by, attrition.
(v. i.) To endure or suffer use; to last under employment; to bear the consequences of use, as waste, consumption, or attrition; as, a coat wears well or ill; -- hence, sometimes applied to character, qualifications, etc.; as, a man wears well as an acquaintance.
(v. i.) To be wasted, consumed, or diminished, by being used; to suffer injury, loss, or extinction by use or time; to decay, or be spent, gradually.
(n.) The act of wearing, or the state of being worn; consumption by use; diminution by friction; as, the wear of a garment.
(n.) The thing worn; style of dress; the fashion.
(n.) A dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for the purpose of conducting it to a mill, forming a fish pond, or the like.
(n.) A fence of stakes, brushwood, or the like, set in a stream, tideway, or inlet of the sea, for taking fish.
(n.) A long notch with a horizontal edge, as in the top of a vertical plate or plank, through which water flows, -- used in measuring the quantity of flowing water.
Example Sentences:
(1) There was appreciable variation in toothbrush wear among subjects, some reducing their brush to a poor state in 2 weeks whereas with others the brush was rated as "good" after 10 weeks.
(2) I usually use them as a rag with which to clean the toilet but I didn’t have anything else to wear today because I’m so fat.” While this exchange will sound baffling to outsiders, to Brits it actually sounds like this: “You like my dress?
(3) Today, she wears an elegant salmon-pink blouse with white trousers and a long, pale pink coat.
(4) The third patient was using an extended-wear soft contact lens for correction of residual myopia.
(5) A man wearing a badge that says "property team" quietly parries some of her points, but chooses not to engage with others.
(6) Scott was born in North Shields, Tyne and Wear, the youngest of the three sons of Colonel Francis Percy Scott, who served in the Royal Engineers, and his wife, Elizabeth.
(7) The supporters – many of them wearing Hamas green headbands and carrying Hamas flags – packed the open-air venue in rain and strong winds to celebrate the Islamist organisation's 25th anniversary and what it regards as a victory in last month's eight-day war with Israel.
(8) Clearly, therefore, image is everything, especially in a world that can still be unkind to geeky people venturing out in public wearing their latest invention.
(9) Cabrera, wearing a bulletproof vest, was paraded before the news media in what has become a common practice for law enforcement authorities following major arrests.
(10) Excessive poppet wear has also been noted in the aortic position; poppet embolization has occurred on 2 occasions, and a third patient was found, at the time of reoperation for periprosthetic leak, to have opppet wear sufficient to permit embolization.
(11) Higher rates are reported by individual clinicians, and our recent in vitro wear tests of Proplast II Teflon interpositional implants suggest an in vivo service life of only 3 years.
(12) Then there were the mini-dress-wearing Barclaycard girls whose job was “to help educate and change people’s minds”.
(13) Wearing down women’s resistance has become eroticised – and, worse, normalised.
(14) Problems associated with cloth wear and the unexpectedly slow rate, in man, of tissue ingrowth into the fabric of the Braunwald-Cutter aortic valve prosthesis have been discouraging, although this prosthesis has been associated with a very low thromboembolic rate in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy.
(15) A foretaste of discontent came when Florian Thauvin, the underachieving £13m winger signed from Marseille last summer , was serenaded with chants of ‘You’re not fit to wear the shirt” from away fans during Saturday’s FA Cup defeat at Watford .
(16) Increased wear-resistance of microsurgical instruments by facing, electric spark alloying and vacuum surfacing increases the working life of the instruments by 1.5-3 times.
(17) Bone cement particles promote polyethylene wear, which in turn promotes granuloma formation, bone resorption, and subsequent bone cement disintegration.
(18) An actor dressed like one of the polar bears that figure in Coke ads limped up, wearing a prosthesis on one paw, a dialysis bag and tubing.
(19) Song appeared to give Bolt a good luck charm to wear around his wrist.
(20) Wearing a brown leather fedora and dark sunglasses, the 69-year-old was ushered into a waiting van shortly after dawn and taken to the western port city of Kobe, the headquarters of the Yamaguchi-gumi.