What's the difference between habituation and novelty?

Habituation


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Effects of habitual variations in napping on psychomotor performance, short-term memory and subjective states were investigated.
  • (2) Based on our results, we propose the following hypotheses for the neurochemical mechanisms of motion sickness: (1) the histaminergic neuron system is involved in the signs and symptoms of motion sickness, including vomiting; (2) the acetylcholinergic neuron system is involved in the processes of habituation to motion sickness, including neural store mechanisms; and (3) the catecholaminergic neuron system in the brain stem is not related to the development of motion sickness.
  • (3) II, the visual and auditory stimuli were exposed conversely over the habituation- (either stimulus) and the test-periods (both stimuli).
  • (4) The hypothesis that the standard acoustic startle habituation paradigm contains the elements of Pavlovian fear conditioning was tested.
  • (5) From the third day to the fourth week after this treatment, there was some recovery of the SF rate, and the SCR tended to reappear with a marked slowing down of its habituation.
  • (6) Regardless of the habitual diet, a test meal accentuated the rate of triacylglycerol appearance in whole plasma and in the very low density lipoproteins of Triton WR-1339-treated monkeys, and the rate of increase of the protein component after feeding was slightly higher.
  • (7) This contrasts sharply with the reduction in both the frequency and surface area of sensory neuron active zones that accompanies long-term habituation, and suggests that modulation of active zone number and size may be an anatomical correlate that lies in the long-term domain.
  • (8) Infants were habituated to models posing either prototypically positive displays (e.g., happy expressions) or positive expression blends (e.g., mock surprise).
  • (9) It's that he habitually abuses his position by lobbying ministers at all; I've heard from former ministers who were astonished by the speed with which their first missive from Charles arrived, opening with the phrase: "It really is appalling".
  • (10) Species differed with respect to speed of habituation but not with respect to sensitivity towards stimulus change.
  • (11) Intact animals showed habituation of exploratory behaviour toward a heterospecific fish after five consecutive encounters.
  • (12) Habitual physical activity in children is related to physical fitness and appears to mediate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.
  • (13) This increase may be due to enhanced responding to sensory characteristics of foods resulting from a failure to habituate to food cues.
  • (14) The health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, is looking at restricting access to health services via a tighter habitual residency test.
  • (15) It was abnormal in its resistance to habituation and in its exaggerated motor response.
  • (16) These results extend the scope of immunologic circadian rhythms to the reticuloendothelial system as a feature of a bioperiodic defense mechanism, most active during the habitual rest light span of nocturnally active mice.
  • (17) A hypothesis is presented as to how certain occlusal relationships and habitual patterns of jaw use may predispose an individual to TMJ internal derangements.
  • (18) Each of 12 male habitual smokers with coronary artery disease was given dipyridamole (75 mg) and aspirin (324 mg), dipyridamole (75 mg) and placebo for aspirin, or a placebo for each drug 3 times daily for 1 week before each of three 20-minute periods (separated by 2 weeks) of smoking 2 cigarettes after a 12-hour period of abstinence.
  • (19) Diclofenac sodium suppositories 150-200 mg day-1 were compared with placebo in a double-blind study during the first 3 days after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in 40 patients with habitual snoring or obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
  • (20) An attempt was made to correlate the intelligence level of three well-defined groups (Gifted, IQ 140; Normal, 95 IQ 105: Mentally retarded, 45 IQ 55) and the habituation rate and pattern of a GSR response to a series of light stimuli.

Novelty


Definition:

  • (n.) The quality or state of being novel; newness; freshness; recentness of origin or introduction.
  • (n.) Something novel; a new or strange thing.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) It is also, despite recent changes, an absolute monarchy where local elections are a novelty and women are still officially banned from driving.
  • (2) Novelty, as represented by a change in female partner or by a change in environment, has not increased sexual performance in old rhesus males.
  • (3) Novelty and immobilization induced a slight but significant increase in OT levels in the CSF immediately after the stress.
  • (4) The [14C]2-deoxy-glucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique revealed that movement and novelty of a visual display affected rat visual system metabolic activity.
  • (5) For some of the pupils, that in itself was a novelty, including those from homes without a table to dine on, or in some cases a family to eat with.
  • (6) The results revealed a significant novelty preference in the two-, four- and eight-day habituation groups.
  • (7) Three independent dimensions of personality are defined and related to heritable variation in patterns of response to specific types of environmental stimuli: 'novelty seeking' is due to a heritable tendency toward frequent exploratory activity and intense excitement in response to novel stimuli; 'harm avoidance' is due to a heritable tendency to respond intensely to aversive stimuli and to learn to avoid punishment, novelty, and non-reward passively; and 'reward dependence' is due to a heritable tendency to respond intensely to reward and succorance and to learn to maintain rewarded behavior.
  • (8) For the preterms, novelty and exposure-time scores were found to be related to several medical risk factors.
  • (9) Diazepam and muscimol, a direct GABA agonist, were compared on behavioral inhibition induced in rats by (1) novelty, (2) punishment, and (3) nonreward.
  • (10) Data on vocal output of 51 preterm infants and 16 term infants were obtained during naturalistic home observations at 1, 3, and 8 months; during the administration of a preference-for-novelty paradigm in the laboratory at 8 months; and by the administration of the Gesell Developmental Schedules at 9 months.
  • (11) Instead, they habituated to the novelty of the runway, as grooming and sitting still replaced investigation.
  • (12) Infant care by multiple females and by males was observed and the conservative nature of mangabey responses to novelty noted.
  • (13) Pretest exposure to novelty or injections of beta-endorphin can enhance passive avoidance (PA) retention (e.g., Izquierdo & McGaugh, 1985).
  • (14) What has been lost in the excitement are the biological issues that relate to the rapid emergence of phenotypic novelties.
  • (15) At the same time, Danielle and Este were instructed not to leave Holland without checking out Amsterdam's novelty museum, the Heineken Experience.
  • (16) A confirmatory factor analysis of the TPQ failed to replicate the three proposed factors of novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence.
  • (17) Two experiments were carried out to study the effect of prior knowledge on cognitive processes related to human intelligence by examining its role in defining task novelty.
  • (18) I mean, it was a novelty in South Shields to see a little boy in full make-up dancing on pointe.
  • (19) The results suggest that CCK-5-8 can amplify the arousal enhancement elicited by novelty through a central mechanism.
  • (20) In a country addicted to novelty and invention, he was proceeding to supply an instant lore of allegory, myth and fable.

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