(n.) An electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See Chlorine family, under Chlorine.
Example Sentences:
(1) 5-Bromo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (11, ABrU) and 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (12, AIU) were prepared by halogenation of the 5-mercuriacetate of 5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine.
(2) Such disturbances may be induced by opiates, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, ketamine, etomidate, propofol, nitrous oxide, and halogenated inhalation anesthetics as well as by H2-blocking agents such as cimetidine.
(3) It is concluded that both halogenated and natural purine ribonucleotides interact in a similar manner with the enzyme molecule.
(4) The flumazenil analogue, Ro 16-0154, a benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist, has been labeled by halogen exchange to enable SPECT investigations of central benzodiazepine receptors in the human brain.
(5) The estrogen receptor seems to have a moderate tolerance for bulky substituents: All of the halogen and halomethyl substituents bind with an affinity at least 50% that of estradiol; in the three atom alkyl series, the affinity declined markedly from propargyl (44%) and allyl (38%) to propyl (5%), suggestive of detailed steric constraints or a preference for unsaturation.
(6) Annual savings in tonnes of CO 2 Install 2 kilowatt solar PV panels 0.4 Buy a new A++ refrigerator if yours is more than 4 years old, and only use a small-screen TV 0.1 Use LED or fluorescent lights where you currently have halogen lights installed 0.1 Buy an automated system to turn off appliances when not in use; get a meter that shows actual energy use and use it to monitor your household 0.1 Only use your washing machine and dishwasher when full to capacity and at lowest temperature 0.1 Never use the tumble dryer 0.1 Get rid of the freezer if you can, and replace your small appliances with "eco" varieties 0.1 Car (1.5 tonnes of CO 2 ) There is one car for every two people in the UK, and each one travels an average of about 9,000 miles a year.
(7) We have studied the time-resolved and the steady-state fluorescence of the DNA groove binders 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and Hoechst 33258 with the double stranded DNAs poly(dA-dU) and poly(dI-dC) and their halogenated analogs, poly(dA-I5dU) and poly(dI-Br5dC).
(8) Halogenated anthelmintics were not metabolized to GSH conjugates in the helminths studied and did not inhibit GSH-S-aryltransferase activity towards chlorodinitrobenzene.
(9) Replacement of the 6-Cl group of amiloride by other halogen atoms had only modest effects on drug efficacy.
(10) This cannot be explained by metabolic activation of the halogenated hydrocarbons but could be due to a noxious effect on the mitotoc spindle.
(11) These observations indicate that Compound X is the halogenating intermediate in the chlorite reaction and that the rate of enzymatic chlorination is directly related to the stability of Compound X.
(12) As radiation sources, the following ones have proved useful: high-pressure mercury-vapour lamps, compound radiation systems consisting of high-pressure mercury-vapour burner, series coiled filament and reflector bulbs made of special glass as well as halogen metal-vapour lamps.
(13) This result suggests that a benefit may be expected in the clinic from the combined application of halogenated pyrimidines with repair inhibitors, if administered at a carefully screened range of concentrations.
(14) GC detection was carried out with a Coulson conductivity detector in the halogen (reductive) mode.
(15) Glutaraldehyde might inhibit Cl- transport in the TAL by cross-linking amino acid residues of the proteins essential for halogen transport across this segment.
(16) Treatment was administered with white light produced by a commercially available halogen-tungsten lamp.
(17) Various organic substances, which were measured by different indices such as total trihalomethanes (THM), total organic halogen (TOX) and the absorbence at 260 nm, could be recovered by this method much more efficiently and conveniently than by conventional methods.
(18) These results indicate that B cell mitogens act to release virus by a mechanism that differs from that of halogenated pyrimidines.
(19) Stability of halogenated volatile anesthetic is important because of the potential toxicity associated with the breakdown products.
(20) 111 chemicals of known rodent carcinogenicity (49 carcinogens, 62 noncarcinogens), including many promoters of carcinogenesis, nongenotoxic carcinogens, hepatocarcinogens, and halogenated hydrocarbons, were selected for study.
Led
Definition:
(imp. & p. p.) of Lead
(imp. & p. p.) of Lead.
Example Sentences:
(1) Direct fetal digitalization led to a reduction in umbilical artery resistance, a decline in the abdominal circumference from 20.3 to 17.8 cm, and resolution of the ascites within 72 h. Despite this dramatic response to therapy, fetal death occurred on day 5 of treatment.
(2) Thyroid replacement led to resolution of both apnea and depression.
(3) Two of the largest markets are Germany and South Korea, often held up as shining examples of export-led economies.
(4) These studies led to the following conclusions: (a) all the prominent NHP which remain bound to DNA are also present in somewhat similar proportions in the saline-EDTA, Tris, and 0.35 M NaCl washes of nuclei; (b) a protein comigrating with actin is prominent in the first saline-EDTA wash of nuclei, but present as only a minor band in the subsequent washes and on washed chromatin; (c) the presence of nuclear matrix proteins in all the nuclear washes and cytosol indicates that these proteins are distributed throughout the cell; (d) a histone-binding protein (J2) analogous to the HMG1 protein of K. V. Shooter, G.H.
(5) A change in the pattern of care of children with IDDM, led to a pronounced decrease in hospital use by this patient group.
(6) Increased dietary protein intake led to increased MDA per nephron, increased urinary excretion of MDA, and increased MDA per milligram protein in subtotally nephrectomized animals, and markedly increased the glutathione redox ratio.
(7) Addition of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom led to a significant increase in the activity of guanylate cyclase in various rat organs.
(8) King also described how representatives of every country at this month's G7 meeting in Canada seemed to be relying on an export-led recovery to revive their economies.
(9) Classical treatment combining artificial delivery or uterine manual evacuation-oxytocics led to the arrest of bleeding in 73 cases.
(10) Displacement of the enol triflate with various sulfinates in acetonitrile or DMF and deprotection of the intermediates led to 7 beta-[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]- 3-[alkyl(aryl)sulfonyl]-1-carba-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxyl ic acids.
(11) The obvious need for highly effective contraception in women with existing disorders of glucose metabolism has led to a search for oral contraceptive (OC) regimens for such women that are efficient but without unacceptable metabolic side effects.
(12) The criticism over the downgrading of the leader of the Lords was led by Lord Forsyth of Drumlean, a former Scotland secretary, who is a respected figure on the right.
(13) In the case presented, overdistension of a jejunostomy catheter balloon led to intestinal obstruction and pressure necrosis (of the small bowel), with subsequent abscess formation leading to death from septicemia.
(14) The possibility that both IL 2 production and IL 2R expression are autonomously activated early in T cell development, before acquisition of the CD3-TcR complex, led us to study the implication of alternative pathways of activation at this ontogenic stage.
(15) Addition of extracellular mevalonate led to a concentration-dependent fall in both processes, although a higher concentration was required to produce the same effect on LDL degradation as on HMG-CoA reductase activity.
(16) One man has died in storms sweeping across the UK that have brought 100-mile-an-hour winds and led to more than 50 flood warnings being issued with widespread disruption on the road and rail networks in much of southern England and Scotland.
(17) A previous trial into the safety and feasibility of using bone marrow stem cells to treat MS, led by Neil Scolding, a clinical neuroscientist at Bristol University, was deemed a success last year.
(18) Histologic examination of the anterior and posterior chambers and the vitreous led to a diagnosis of endophthalmitis caused by Coccidioides immitis infection.
(19) Significant changes have occurred within the profession of pharmacy in the past few decades which have led to loss of function, social power and status.
(20) Recently reported unfavorable clinical results (i.e., a high incidence of pain) have led to the discontinuation of one trial of porous polyethylene.