(n.) A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric.
(n.) The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold.
(n.) High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc.
(n.) Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise.
(n.) A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats.
(n.) A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three.
(n.) Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party.
(n.) Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation.
(n.) Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.
(n.) Sexual excitement in animals.
(n.) Fermentation.
(v. t.) To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like.
(v. t.) To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.
(v. t.) To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.
(v. i.) To grow warm or hot by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats slowly.
(v. i.) To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the dunghill.
(imp. & p. p.) Heated; as, the iron though heat red-hot.
Example Sentences:
(1) Tryptic digestion of the membranes caused complete disappearance of the binding activity, but heat-treatment for 5 min at 70 degrees C caused only 40% loss of activity.
(2) A new and simple method of serotyping campylobacters has been developed which utilises co-agglutination to detect the presence of heat-stable antigens.
(3) The 40 degrees C heating induced an increase in systolic, diastolic, average and pulse pressure at rectal temperature raised to 40 degrees C. Further growth of the body temperature was accompanied by a decrease in the above parameters.
(4) The effect of heat on glucocorticoids of plasma was not significant.
(5) This Mr 20,000 inhibitory activity was acid and heat stable and sensitive to dithiothreitol and trypsin.
(6) There is a relationship between the duration of stimulation (t) and the total heat production (H) of the type H = A plus bt, where A and b are constants.
(7) This suggests that there was a deterioration of the vasoconstrictor response and indicated a possible effect of heat at the receptor or effector level.
(8) While both inhibitors caused thermosensitization, they did not affect the time scale for the development of thermotolerance at 42 degrees C or after acute heating at 45 degrees C. The inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribosylation) radiosensitizers and thermosensitizers may be of use in the treatment of cancer using a combined modality of radiation and hyperthermia.
(9) The binding to DNA-cellulose of heat-activated [3H]RU486-receptor complexes was slightly decreased (37%) when compared with that of the agonist [3H]R5020-receptor complexes (47%).
(10) By means of rapid planar Hill type antimony-bismuth thermophiles the initial heat liberated by papillary muscles was measured synchronously with developed tension for control (C), pressure-overload (GOP), and hypothyrotic (PTU) rat myocardium (chronic experiments) and after application of 10(-6) M isoproterenol or 200 10(-6) M UDCG-115.
(11) The return of NE to normal levels after one month is consistent with the observation that LH-lesioned rats are by one month postlesion no longer hypermetabolic, but display levels of heat production appropriate to the reduced body weight they then maintain.
(12) It is the action of this protease that releases the enzyme from the membrane, as shown by the observations that protease inhibitors decreased the amount of solubilization of the enzyme, and the enzyme remaining in the membrane after heating showed much less proteolytic cleavage than that which was released.
(13) The apparent sensitivity of Escherichia coli K12 to mild heat was increased by recA (def), recB and polA, but not by uvrA, uvrB or recF mutations.
(14) Michele Hanson 'The heat finally broke – I realised something had to change …' Stuart Heritage (right) with his brother in 2003.
(15) The data suggest that inhibition of gain in weight with the addition of pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone to the diet is the result of an increased loss of calories as heat at the expense of storage as lipid.
(16) Induction of both potential transcripts follows heat shock in vivo.
(17) Lebedev punched Polonsky during a heated early recording of NTVshniki.
(18) At the site of injury heat itself causes microvascular damage.
(19) Acid-fast bacilli were isolated from 3 out of 41 mice inoculoted with heat killed bacilli.
(20) Mean run time and total ST time were faster with CE (by 1.4 and 1.2 min) although not significantly different (P less than 0.06 and P less than 0.10) from P. Subjects reported no significant difference in nausea, fullness, or stomach upset with CE compared to P. General physiological responses were similar for each drink during 2 h of multi-modal exercise in the heat; however, blood glucose, carbohydrate utilization, and exercise intensity at the end of a ST may be increased with CE fluid replacement.
Pyrogenous
Definition:
(a.) Produced by fire; igneous.
Example Sentences:
(1) Central injections of 40 and 80 ng of [Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH caused hypothermia in afebrile rabbits, whereas 20 and 10 ng, which had no effect on afebrile body temperature, caused greater than 40% reduction in leukocytic pyrogen-induced fever.
(2) In the active phase all the patients exhibited an abrupt increase in the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in blood neutrophils, a drop in the level of CP (in 69%), a rise in the activity of MP (in 32%); pyrogenal did not induce any capacity for restoring HCT (in 44%).
(3) MAbs W1-W3 derived from mice, which were immunized with whole cells of the strain Moulton, reacted with the serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pyrogenes.
(4) Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) are thought to be endogenous pyrogens, i.e., to mediate fever production; warm-sensitive (W) and cold-sensitive (C) neurons in the preoptic area (POA) are presumed to be the ultimate targets of endogenous pyrogens.
(5) The Limulus amebocyte lysate test has been used for determination of pyrogens in sugar of different qualities.
(6) The minimum pyrogenic dose in both new-born and adult guinea-pigs was 0.25 microliter, but the 0 to 5-day old animals which responded with a fever to this dose were few in number and large in weight; 'small-for age' neonates became hypothermic.
(7) Twelve serovars included in the study were: australis, autumnalis, ballum, bataviae, bratislava, canicola, copenhageni, grippotyphosa, hardjo, pomona, pyrogenes, and tarassovi.
(8) Another property shared by IL 1 and IL 6 is their pyrogenicity.
(9) IL-6 induction was also observed after pretreatment with indomethacin, indicating that the effect was dissociated from the pyrogenic activity of IL-1.
(10) Protein malnutrition leads to diminished pyrogenicity of macrophage culture supernatants and may be at least partly responsible for the decreased febrile response seen in the malnourished animals.
(11) In its monomer form, endogenous pyrogen is a potent fever-producing substance and mediates fever by its action on the thermoregulatory center.
(12) Immobilized histidine and immobilized histamine could be used for the removal of natural pyrogens contaminating various useful low-molecular-weight compounds as well as high-molecular-weight compounds such as proteins.
(13) Reusing hemodialyzers more than 20 times and, in some instances, also using manual reprocessing systems was significantly associated with clustering of pyrogenic reactions regardless of the type of germicide used.
(14) The effects of various kinds of drugs on the pyrogenicity of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) and its capacity to enhance the lethal effects of endotoxin in rabbits were studied.
(15) The hyperthermic response to pyrogen was not potentiated by caffeine or theophylline administered i.p.
(16) With regard to Group I, there was a high number of positive (32.3%) and a variation in the frequency of serovars, the results being as follows: L. butembo (38.8%), L. pomona (33.3%), L. bratislava (31.4%), L. icterohemorragica (12.9%), L. borincana (3.7%) and finally L. canicola, L. pyrogenes, L. wolffii and L. bataviae (1.8%).
(17) Parenterals, sterile preparations intended to be injected in man or animal, should be free from pyrogenic substances which are able to raise the thermostatic setting in the hypothalamus.
(18) Titers for Leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa, pyrogenes, djasiman, butembo, and pomona were demonstrated.
(19) The fever responses of the animals were remeasured 3 days later, and in every case there was a marked enhancement of the fevers produced, using the same doses of endogenous pyrogen that were used earlier.
(20) The results were compared with rabbit pyrogen tests.