(n.) A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric.
(n.) The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold.
(n.) High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc.
(n.) Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise.
(n.) A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats.
(n.) A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three.
(n.) Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party.
(n.) Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation.
(n.) Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.
(n.) Sexual excitement in animals.
(n.) Fermentation.
(v. t.) To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like.
(v. t.) To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.
(v. t.) To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.
(v. i.) To grow warm or hot by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats slowly.
(v. i.) To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the dunghill.
(imp. & p. p.) Heated; as, the iron though heat red-hot.
Example Sentences:
(1) Tryptic digestion of the membranes caused complete disappearance of the binding activity, but heat-treatment for 5 min at 70 degrees C caused only 40% loss of activity.
(2) A new and simple method of serotyping campylobacters has been developed which utilises co-agglutination to detect the presence of heat-stable antigens.
(3) The 40 degrees C heating induced an increase in systolic, diastolic, average and pulse pressure at rectal temperature raised to 40 degrees C. Further growth of the body temperature was accompanied by a decrease in the above parameters.
(4) The effect of heat on glucocorticoids of plasma was not significant.
(5) This Mr 20,000 inhibitory activity was acid and heat stable and sensitive to dithiothreitol and trypsin.
(6) There is a relationship between the duration of stimulation (t) and the total heat production (H) of the type H = A plus bt, where A and b are constants.
(7) This suggests that there was a deterioration of the vasoconstrictor response and indicated a possible effect of heat at the receptor or effector level.
(8) While both inhibitors caused thermosensitization, they did not affect the time scale for the development of thermotolerance at 42 degrees C or after acute heating at 45 degrees C. The inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribosylation) radiosensitizers and thermosensitizers may be of use in the treatment of cancer using a combined modality of radiation and hyperthermia.
(9) The binding to DNA-cellulose of heat-activated [3H]RU486-receptor complexes was slightly decreased (37%) when compared with that of the agonist [3H]R5020-receptor complexes (47%).
(10) By means of rapid planar Hill type antimony-bismuth thermophiles the initial heat liberated by papillary muscles was measured synchronously with developed tension for control (C), pressure-overload (GOP), and hypothyrotic (PTU) rat myocardium (chronic experiments) and after application of 10(-6) M isoproterenol or 200 10(-6) M UDCG-115.
(11) The return of NE to normal levels after one month is consistent with the observation that LH-lesioned rats are by one month postlesion no longer hypermetabolic, but display levels of heat production appropriate to the reduced body weight they then maintain.
(12) It is the action of this protease that releases the enzyme from the membrane, as shown by the observations that protease inhibitors decreased the amount of solubilization of the enzyme, and the enzyme remaining in the membrane after heating showed much less proteolytic cleavage than that which was released.
(13) The apparent sensitivity of Escherichia coli K12 to mild heat was increased by recA (def), recB and polA, but not by uvrA, uvrB or recF mutations.
(14) Michele Hanson 'The heat finally broke – I realised something had to change …' Stuart Heritage (right) with his brother in 2003.
(15) The data suggest that inhibition of gain in weight with the addition of pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone to the diet is the result of an increased loss of calories as heat at the expense of storage as lipid.
(16) Induction of both potential transcripts follows heat shock in vivo.
(17) Lebedev punched Polonsky during a heated early recording of NTVshniki.
(18) At the site of injury heat itself causes microvascular damage.
(19) Acid-fast bacilli were isolated from 3 out of 41 mice inoculoted with heat killed bacilli.
(20) Mean run time and total ST time were faster with CE (by 1.4 and 1.2 min) although not significantly different (P less than 0.06 and P less than 0.10) from P. Subjects reported no significant difference in nausea, fullness, or stomach upset with CE compared to P. General physiological responses were similar for each drink during 2 h of multi-modal exercise in the heat; however, blood glucose, carbohydrate utilization, and exercise intensity at the end of a ST may be increased with CE fluid replacement.
Vitrification
Definition:
(n.) Same as Vitrifaction.
Example Sentences:
(1) Included in the thermal destruction category are treatment technologies such as rotary kiln incineration, fluidized bed incineration, infrared thermal treatment, wet air oxidation, pyrolytic incineration, and vitrification.
(2) The purpose of the present survey is to show that a general understanding of the physical behavior and biological effects of vitrification solutions, as well as an understanding of the conditions under which vitrification solutions are required, is gradually emerging.
(3) The embryos were transferred to an equilibration medium [10% 1,2-propanediol and 20% glycerol in modified PBS (mPBS)] for 10 minutes and frozen in a vitrification medium (25% glycerol and 25% 1,2-prapanediol in mPBS) by direct lowering into liquid nitrogen.
(4) The key technique, which came into use in 2001, is vitrification.
(5) The results show that the optimum time for exposure of the embryos to the EFS solution before rapid cooling varies with the ambient temperature, i.e., 0.5 min at 25 degrees C, 0.5-5 min at 20 degrees C, 2-5 min at 10 degrees C, and 2-10 min at 5 degrees C. If they are exposed for an optimum period, almost all mouse morulae can survive vitrification (94-100%).
(6) Devitrification (ice formation during warming) is one of the primary obstacles to successful organ vitrification (solidification without ice formation).
(7) After a minimum, an increase of survival is observed at the fastest cooling rates, which would correspond to complete vitrification.
(8) A system has been developed that ensures that a liquid or partially liquid specimen is maintained in its original state while it is being prepared before vitrification and, once prepared, is vitrified with little alteration of its microstructure.
(9) These results suggest that the simple vitrification solution described in this study is effective for the cryopreservation of mouse blastocysts.
(10) Factors that influence the survival of embryos include the concentration and composition of the vitrification solution, the procedure used to equilibrate embryos in this solution, the cooling and warming conditions, and the procedure used to dilute embryos from the vitrification solution.
(11) Preimplantation stage mouse embryos have been used to examine the response of a simple multicellular system to cryopreservation by the complete vitrification of the suspension.
(12) They were cryopreserved by the vitrification method.
(13) Embryos were exposed to intracellular cryoprotecting medium (glycerol 10%, 1-2 propanediol 20% in PBS) for 10 min and then transferred to extracellular vitrification medium (25% glycerol, 25% 1-2 propanediol in PBS).
(14) Vitrification solutions are aqueous cryoprotectant solutions which do not freeze when cooled at moderate rates to very low temperatures.
(15) The possibility of cryopreservation of islets of Langerhans by vitrification using a mixture of cryoprotectants was investigated and the results were compared with a more conventional freezing method using Me2SO as cryoprotectant.
(16) In all cases there was vaporization of the pathological dentition and vitrification of the superficial dentin layer.
(17) Of the 200 DNA-injected 8-cell embryos cryopreserved by vitrification in microdrops, 194 (97%) were recovered and 188 (94%) embryos were intact one hour after thawing.
(18) Vitrification of such specimens is assessed by cryo-X-ray diffraction.
(19) Exposure of oocytes to the cryoprotectant media, but without the vitrification, resulted in 30.8% developing to blastocysts.
(20) Vitrification offers a way to cryopreserve human liver slices for the study of xenobiotic metabolism in humans.