What's the difference between helicin and salicin?
Helicin
Definition:
(n.) A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix Helix of Linnaeus.)
Example Sentences:
(1) Fluorescence histochemistry shows that helicine arteries are provided with an extremely dense network of adrenergic nerves located at the medio-adventitial border.
(2) The density of nerve fibres was particularly high around the subendothelial cushions of the helicine arteries.
(3) In the helicine artery and bulbus glandis, field stimulation evoked contractions and these contractions were abolished by guanethidine or TTX, indicating that these muscles are innervated by adrenergic excitatory nerve fibres.
(4) The epitheloid modified walls of helicine arteries are built of tightly arranged specialized smooth muscle cells (epitheloid cells).
(5) Endothelial cells in helicine arteries react on unspecific alkaline phosphatase, while the endothelium of deep arteries and of the cavernous spaces does not.
(6) Polsters protruding into the lumen of the distal helicine arteries regulate blood flow into the cavernous spaces.
(7) In our experience the injection of papaverine during the test has provided a better visualization of cavernous arteries and helicine branches.
(8) Among 34 plant phenolic compounds tested, arbutin, phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and salicin were shown to be strong inducers of syrB, giving rise to approximately 1,200 U of beta-galactosidase activity at 100 microM; esculin and helicin were moderate inducers, with about 250 to 400 U of beta-galactosidase activity at 100 microM.
(9) It is considered that, when the valve of the helicine artery opens, blood flows into the cavernous sinuses, expanding them, and as a result the outflowing vein is compressed between the sinuses and the albuginea, or the albuginea itself, acting like a valve and therefore assuming an important function in maintaining erection by disturbing the reflux of blood flow.
(10) The effect of the aromatic aldehydes benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde, the glucose-acetal derivative 4,6-benzylidene-D-glucose (BG) and the glucoside salicylaldehyde-beta-D-glucoside (helicin) on cell inactivation induced by cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (cis-DDP) was investigated using cultured human NHIK 3025 cells.
(11) While helicin retains the aldehyde moiety of salicylaldehyde, BG does not possess any free aldehyde group.
(12) The addition of histamine dihydrochloride to the perfusion solutions shows a slight vasodilator effect mainly on the subcapsular penicillar arterioles, including the helicine arterioles.
(13) Blood may also be redirected from anastomoses between the dorsal arteries and corpus spongiosum through other helicine arterioles supplying the sinusoids of the corpus cavernosum.
(14) The neural control of smooth muscle cells in the corpus spongiosum, helicine artery and bulbus glandis of the dog was investigated in relation to the mechanism involved in erection, using isometric tension recording and micro-electrode methods.
(15) It is suggested that the helicine arteries open during tumescence, thereby diverting blood from the shunt vessels into the dilating sinuses, and that the rising intracavernosal pressure eventually occludes the shunt vessels.
(16) The epithelioid cells constituting the media of the helicine branches of the deep artery vary in their fine structure from close resemblance to muscle cells, to cells with easily identified special features.
(17) The neural mechanism involved in erection is discussed in relation to the topical difference in the autonomic innervation patterns in the corpus spongiosum, helicine artery and bulbus glandis.
(18) The mesenchymal cells are also associated with the helicine arterial sprouts at this time period.
(19) Only the helicine arteries which drained into the cavernous sinuses displayed subendothelial cushions.
(20) Helicine arteries of the crura, but not the parent deep penile artery or arteries elsewhere, have muscular cushions in their walls.
Salicin
Definition:
(n.) A glucoside found in the bark and leaves of several species of willow (Salix) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) As an easy and reliable basis test combination for performing a minimal biochemical Salmonella diagnosis a series consisting of Kligler's medium and media containing urea, lysine, lactose, sucrose, sorbose, and salicin is suggested.
(2) The fermentation pattern of the 34 strains with melibiose, raffinose, sucrose, salicin, and sorbitol allowed classification into 11 biotypes.
(3) Wild-type E. coli K12 do not utilize the beta-glucoside sugars, arbutin, salicin and cellobiose.
(4) The strains of group 1 were more cellobiose, melibiose, and salicin fermentative than those of group 2.
(5) We examined 113 strains of fresh clinical isolates of E. coli and assessed the ability of colonies in a population to hydrolyze esculin with and without preincubation in inducible substrates at 24, 48, and 72 h. The number of strains capable of fermenting salicin, a sugar with a beta-glucoside linkage like esculin, was studied under the same conditions.
(6) salicin, 4-nitrophenyl glucoside) are 100 times larger.
(7) Both complexes had approximately the same Km values for p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and salicin.
(8) The uptake of 14C-glucose was also inhibited by salicin, alpha-methylglucoside, and beta-methylglucoside, but not by pentoses, L-hexoses, sugar alcohols, disaccharides (except maltose), gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, phlorizin, or ouabain.
(9) Glucose, cellobiose, glucono-delta-lactone, galactose, lactose, maltose and salicin acted as competitive inhibitors during the hydrolysis of pNPG with the apparent inhibition constants (Kis) of 4.8 mM, 0.035 mM, 0.062 mM, 28.5 mM, 0.38 mM, 15.0 mm and 31.0 mM, respectively.
(10) All the strains fermented lactose, maltose, dextrose and sucrose whereas, salicine was fermented only by 17 strains.
(11) Acid production from carbohydrates was uniform apart from variable reactions with mannose and salicin.
(12) We show here, however, that these double mutants can be accounted for by spontaneous mutation to intermediate genotypes in non-growing populations, coupled with slow growth of some of these intermediates on salicin, which enables their populations to reach a size where secondary mutations allowing rapid growth on salicin become common.
(13) On the basis of additional tests (acid production from salicin, L-rhamnose, D-mannitol, adonitol, and D-arabitol), the 729 isolates could be separated into five groups.
(14) Biochemically, these non-invasive strains are indole-, aesculin- and salicin-positive.
(15) Positive results (100% positive unless indicated) included motility; gas production during fermentation (96% at 2 days, 100% at 3 to 7 days); growth in nutrient broth with the addition of 1% NaCl (88%), 2% NaCl, 3.5% NaCl, 6% NaCl, 8% NaCl, and 10% NaCl (92%); dry red or orange colonies on marine agar; and fermentation of L-arabinose, cellobiose, D-galactose (88%), D-glucose, lactose (88%), maltose, D-mannitol (96%), D-mannose, salicin, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose.
(16) In media enriched with 5% ovine serum, 5% bovine serum and 10% yeast extract, H. somnus fermented glucose, levulose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose, but failed to ferment arabinose, dulcitol, galactose, inositol, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin and sucrose.
(17) These abilities were not displayed by P. diclinum, but this species grew more vigorously on cellobiose, fructose, gentibiose, inulin, raffinose, maltose, mannose, salicin, starch and sucrose than P. destruens.
(18) In other strains, especially S. paratyphi B cultures, DMSO doesn't touch sorbose adaption directly but amplifies the restraing effect of salicine.
(19) All 14 strains of B. subtilis can use the following 17 sources of carbon and energy: D-glucose, D-mannose, D-glucosamine, salicin, D-ribose, maltose, sucrose, cellobiose, trehalose, arbutin, starch, mannitol, glycerol, glycerate, pyruvate, fumarate, and L-proline.
(20) Twenty-one strains, representing five serotypes, were esculin- and salicin-negative, and were considered to be the primary cause of disease in the majority of these cases.