(n.) A white, crystalline substance having a sweetish taste, obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and regarded as a complex derivative of caffeic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Particularly, MC- and BNF-inducible P-450 showed high stereoselectivity on C6-position of testosterone, and PB-, flavone- and hesperetin-inducible one showed that on C2-position of this compound, respectively.
(2) Comparative examinations and autoxidation studies with the flavanon glycosides hesperidin and naringin as well as with their aglycones hesperetin and naringenin showed that the former are mainly responsible for the antioxidative activity of the citrus peel and extracts.
(3) Blood lipid levels in rats with hyperlipidemia resulting from high-fat feeding were determined after ip administration of an MeOH extract of Prunus davidiana stems and its flavonoid components, (+)-catechin, prunin (= naringenin 7-O-glucoside), and hesperetin 5-O-glucoside.
(4) The effect of several naturally occurring dietary flavonoids including quercetin, naringin, hesperetin, and catechin on the infectivity and replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), polio-virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 3 (Pf-3), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was studied in vitro in cell culture monolayers employing the technique of viral plaque reduction.
(5) This glucosyltransferase has an expressed specificity for the 7-position of the flavanones naringenin (Kmapp 62 microM; Kmapp UDPG 51 microM) and hesperetin (Kmapp 124 microM; Kmapp UDPG 243 microM) and did not accept other flavone or flavonol aglycones.
(6) A time-course study indicated that hesperetin was able to delay the lipolytic action of epinephrine.
(7) Of the compounds tested (naringin, rutin, neohesperetin, hesperetin, dihydroquercetin, quercetin, quercetin pentaacetate, permethylquercetin, m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and m,p-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid), only quercetin was mutagenic without microsomal activation.
(8) Trypsin-activated phosphorylase kinase was inhibited by quercetin and stimulated by hesperetin, as for the native enzyme.
(9) Prunin and hesperetin 5-O-glucoside did not show such an effect in high-fat-fed hypertriglyceridemic rats, but they did exhibit a significant hypocholesterolemic effect.
(10) The Km for UDP-rhamnose was similar with prunin (1.3 microM) and hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (1.1 microM) as substrate.
(11) The other flavonoids studied, viz., quercetin, quercetrin, rutin, taxifolin, myricetin, myricetrin, phloretin, phloridzin, diosmetin, diosmin, apiin, hesperetin, naringenin, (+)-catechin, morin, fisetin, chrysin, and 3-hydroxyflavone, all showed varying extents of inhibition of the nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation, induced by either ascorbic acid or ferrous sulfate.
(12) The X-ray crystal structure analysis of hesperetin monohydrate showed that the molecule is essentially planar despite the sofa conformation of the gamma-pyran ring and the 27 degrees twist of the 2-phenyl ring.
(13) Flavone- and hesperetin-inducible P-450 catalyzed the hydroxylation of testosterone more effectively than other chemicals-inducible ones.
(14) The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of rhamnose from UDP-rhamnose to the C-2 hydroxyl group of glucose attached via C-7-O- of naringenin or hesperetin.
(15) Of the fifteen flavonoids studied, fisetin, quercetin and luteolin were the most potent, while hesperetin, taxifolin and rutin were among the least potent.
(16) Only butein and hesperetin showed inhibition of epinephrine-induced lipolysis, and their effect was dose-dependent.
(17) From 14 flavonoids tested, the flavones quercetin and fisetin were found to be efficient inhibitors of nonactivated phosphorylase kinase when assayed at pH 8.2, causing 50% inhibition at a concentration of about 50 microM, while the flavanone hesperetin stimulated phosphorylase kinase activity about 2-fold when tested at 250 microM.
(18) The affinity for the natural acceptor prunin (Km = 2.4 microM) was much higher than for hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (Km = 41.5 microM).
(19) Transcription of rhiA is repressed in cells grown in the presence of the flavanone hesperetin or the flavone apigenin, both of which are potent inducers of transcription of nod genes.
(20) Two other flavonoids tested, i.e., rutin (3-rhamnosylglucoside of quercetin) and hesperidin [7-b rutinoside of hesperetin (3'-5-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyflavone)] were ineffective both alone and in combination with CDDP.
Hesperidin
Definition:
(n.) A glucoside found in ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and extracted as a white crystalline substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) Further, quercetin and quercitrin elevated the intracellular level of cAMP, whereas hesperidin and rutin did not alter the cAMP level.
(2) The in vitro antiplatelet aggregating activity of magnesium and magnesium associated with soluble citroflavonoids (hesperidin and eriodictin, 1:1) is well-established.
(3) The concentration values yielding 50% inhibition of lipid peroxidation in mouse liver homogenate were in order of 10(-6) M for quercetin, rutin, and morin; and of 10(-5) M for acacetin and hispidulin, while naringin and hesperidin had no antioxidative action.
(4) Furthermore, treatment with methyl hesperidin did not result in any changes in haematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis data.
(5) Comparative examinations and autoxidation studies with the flavanon glycosides hesperidin and naringin as well as with their aglycones hesperetin and naringenin showed that the former are mainly responsible for the antioxidative activity of the citrus peel and extracts.
(6) Citrus flavonoids are also anti-invasive in vitro (tangeretin greater than nobiletin greater than hesperidin = naringin).
(7) The results thus demonstrated that methyl hesperidin lacked any carcinogenicity for B6C3F1 mice in the 96-wk feeding regimen used in this study.
(8) The flavonoids, apigenin, flavone, flavanone, hesperidin, naringin, and tangeretin promoted the ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation, the extent of which depended upon the concentration of the flavonoid and ascorbic acid.
(9) Competition analysis showed that Q competed for 3H-E2 binding to type II EBS while both rutin and hesperidin did not.
(10) The following compounds were investigated: quercetin, myricitrin, apigetrin, fraxin, rutin, neohesperidin, hesperidin, naringin, apiin, cymarin, digoxin, digitoxin, xanthorhamnin, and frangulin.
(11) The superoxide anions scavenging activity and antioxidation of seven flavonoids--quercetin, rutin, morin, acacetin, hispidulin, hesperidin, and naringin--were studied.
(12) 5682 SE is a purified micronized flavonoid fraction containing 450 mg of diosmin and 50 mg of hesperidin per tablet.
(13) It's best to eat them whole: the papery pith contains valuable plant compounds (hesperidin, naringenin, limonene) that add to their antioxidant properties, along with soluble fibre, which slows down the absorption of fruit sugar in the bloodstream.
(14) This modulation can be obtained with flavonoids, such as S 5682, a precise fraction of diosmin and hesperidin, which reduces the vascular permeability of the rabbit skin and increases the resistance of rat microvessels.
(15) The effect of Daflon 500 mg, consisting of 90% diosmin and 10% hesperidin, on bovine veins and lymphatic vessels was shown.
(16) Growth retardation during the experiment with final changes in organ weights were observed in females given the 1.25% dose of methyl hesperidin and in both sexes receiving the 5.0% treatment.
(17) S 5682 is constituted by a flavonoid mixture of 90% diosmin and 10% hesperidin.
(18) Carrageenin paw oedema and croton oil ear oedema induced simultaneously in rats are inhibited in a dose-dependent manner and to statistically significant degrees by lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-blocker flavonoids (diosmin, fisetin, quercetin, myricetin, galangin, sophoricoside, hesperidin-methylchalcone, oligomeric procyanidin, anthocyanidins (delphinidin, pelargonidin], and the prostaglandin antagonist polyphloretin phosphate and di-4-phloretin phosphate.
(19) Previously, these compounds and other polyphenols were assayed as in vitro antioxidants by their abilities to inhibit the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH)-initiated chemiluminescence of mouse liver homogenates, and the IC50 (microM) values were as follows: (+)-catechin, 3; eriodyctiol, 9; myricetin and 4,2',4'-trihydroxy-6'-metoxychalcone, 15; 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 20; isochlorogenic acid, 30; caffeic acid, 5,6,3'-trihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone and cynarin, 50; chlorogenic acid and apigenin, 150; quercetin, pedalitin, sylimarin and quercetin-3-methyl ester, 200; 7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavonone and kaempferol-3,7-dirhamnoside, 500; quercitrin, 900; and galangin-3-methyl ether, genkwanin, hesperidin, ombuoside, phloridzin, quinic acid, rhoifolin, rutin and sophoricoside, greater than 1 mM.
(20) Moreover, hesperidin, a flavonoid which does not bind to type-II EBS, was ineffective in inhibiting cell growth.