What's the difference between hexacid and hexavalent?
Hexacid
Definition:
(a.) Having six atoms or radicals capable of being replaced by acids; hexatomic; hexavalent; -- said of bases; as, mannite is a hexacid base.
Example Sentences:
Hexavalent
Definition:
(p. pr.) Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads.
Example Sentences:
(1) The contents of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in grinding dust were undetectable.
(2) The mutagenic potency of the hexavalent metal was not enhanced by adding the microsomal fraction of rat hepatocytes, induced either with sodium barbital or with Aroclor 1254.
(3) These results suggest that SCE analysis in human lymphocytes is not a good indicator of possible mutagenic effects of exposure to hexavalent Cr.
(4) Both NAC and AR also stimulated other detoxifying mechanisms, such as those related to GSH S-transferase activity and to the NADPH-dependent reduction of hexavalent chromium.
(5) The theoretically increased lifetime carcinogenic risk from a continuous lifetime exposure to hexavalent chromium fell within the range 12-146 cancer cases per nanogram hexavalent chromium per cubic meter of air per million people exposed, depending on the potency estimate used.
(6) The effect of vitamin E was demonstrated only in an increase of the ratio of NCE to PCE, i.e., in a decrease of the cytotoxic but not the mutagenic effects of hexavalent chromium.
(7) Low-level exposure to hexavalent chromium associated with TIG stainless steel and mild steel welding do not appear to be a major hazard for human spermatogenesis.
(8) The reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI] by rat liver microsomes was studied.
(9) In order to study the difference of uptake and distribution between hexavalent (Cr6+) and trivalent (Cr3+) chromium in isolated rat hepatocytes, the cells were incubated with Cr6+ or Cr3+ (1 mM Cr) at 37 degrees C for up to 60 min.
(10) The development of spraying of sludges and composts will increase the quantity and efficiency of chromium in vegetals, because of various factors: the wastes of many industries: chromium plating plants, tanneries, painting and dyeing industries throw out hexavalent chromium; if the sewage sludges are purified by an irradiation treatment, it will tend to oxidize the whole chromium in hexavalent forms; at last, the presence of sewage sludges in the arable soil favours the assimilation of chromium by inhibiting that of iron (Figure 1).
(11) administration of high doses of hexavalent chromium to rats.
(12) The allergens which are responsible for about 50% of our cases are: turpentine, nickel, hexavalent chromium and mercuri-organic compounds.
(13) The chemical speciation of the chromium in Whetlerite was found to be: from 0.6 to 1.3% insoluble trivalent chromium; from 1.0 to 1.3% insoluble hexavalent chromium; and from 0.7 to 0.9% soluble hexavalent chromium.
(14) Addition of iron sulfate to cement means transformation of water-soluble hexavalent chromium into nonwater-soluble trivalent chromium.
(15) The distinctive sensitivity of the four Salmonella strains tested (TA1535, TA1537, TA98, and TA100) suggested that hexavalent chromium directly interacts with bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid by causing both frameshift mutations and basepair substitutions.
(16) Chronic exposure to low concentrations or brief exposures to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium (K2CrO4) transformed a rat liver epithelial cell line as assessed by anchorage-independent growth.
(17) Chromate (hexavalent chromium) salts of both high and medium water solubility were active in producing all three classes of response, whereas an insoluble chromate salt and a soluble chromic (trivalent chromium) salt were inactive.
(18) Some bacteria are able to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium which is much less toxic.
(19) These results demonstrate that the epicutaneous application of chromate resulted in a characteristic intraepidermal distribution which may be related to the epidermal conversion of the hexavalent chromate to the immunogenic trivalent form.
(20) It is therefore concluded that direct interaction of hexavalent CrO3 with plasma membrane of lymphocytes results in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and the inhibition of [3H]-TdR incorporation, but it does not induce blastogenesis.