(p. pr.) Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads.
Example Sentences:
(1) The contents of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in grinding dust were undetectable.
(2) The mutagenic potency of the hexavalent metal was not enhanced by adding the microsomal fraction of rat hepatocytes, induced either with sodium barbital or with Aroclor 1254.
(3) These results suggest that SCE analysis in human lymphocytes is not a good indicator of possible mutagenic effects of exposure to hexavalent Cr.
(4) Both NAC and AR also stimulated other detoxifying mechanisms, such as those related to GSH S-transferase activity and to the NADPH-dependent reduction of hexavalent chromium.
(5) The theoretically increased lifetime carcinogenic risk from a continuous lifetime exposure to hexavalent chromium fell within the range 12-146 cancer cases per nanogram hexavalent chromium per cubic meter of air per million people exposed, depending on the potency estimate used.
(6) The effect of vitamin E was demonstrated only in an increase of the ratio of NCE to PCE, i.e., in a decrease of the cytotoxic but not the mutagenic effects of hexavalent chromium.
(7) Low-level exposure to hexavalent chromium associated with TIG stainless steel and mild steel welding do not appear to be a major hazard for human spermatogenesis.
(8) The reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI] by rat liver microsomes was studied.
(9) In order to study the difference of uptake and distribution between hexavalent (Cr6+) and trivalent (Cr3+) chromium in isolated rat hepatocytes, the cells were incubated with Cr6+ or Cr3+ (1 mM Cr) at 37 degrees C for up to 60 min.
(10) The development of spraying of sludges and composts will increase the quantity and efficiency of chromium in vegetals, because of various factors: the wastes of many industries: chromium plating plants, tanneries, painting and dyeing industries throw out hexavalent chromium; if the sewage sludges are purified by an irradiation treatment, it will tend to oxidize the whole chromium in hexavalent forms; at last, the presence of sewage sludges in the arable soil favours the assimilation of chromium by inhibiting that of iron (Figure 1).
(11) administration of high doses of hexavalent chromium to rats.
(12) The allergens which are responsible for about 50% of our cases are: turpentine, nickel, hexavalent chromium and mercuri-organic compounds.
(13) The chemical speciation of the chromium in Whetlerite was found to be: from 0.6 to 1.3% insoluble trivalent chromium; from 1.0 to 1.3% insoluble hexavalent chromium; and from 0.7 to 0.9% soluble hexavalent chromium.
(14) Addition of iron sulfate to cement means transformation of water-soluble hexavalent chromium into nonwater-soluble trivalent chromium.
(15) The distinctive sensitivity of the four Salmonella strains tested (TA1535, TA1537, TA98, and TA100) suggested that hexavalent chromium directly interacts with bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid by causing both frameshift mutations and basepair substitutions.
(16) Chronic exposure to low concentrations or brief exposures to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium (K2CrO4) transformed a rat liver epithelial cell line as assessed by anchorage-independent growth.
(17) Chromate (hexavalent chromium) salts of both high and medium water solubility were active in producing all three classes of response, whereas an insoluble chromate salt and a soluble chromic (trivalent chromium) salt were inactive.
(18) Some bacteria are able to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium which is much less toxic.
(19) These results demonstrate that the epicutaneous application of chromate resulted in a characteristic intraepidermal distribution which may be related to the epidermal conversion of the hexavalent chromate to the immunogenic trivalent form.
(20) It is therefore concluded that direct interaction of hexavalent CrO3 with plasma membrane of lymphocytes results in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and the inhibition of [3H]-TdR incorporation, but it does not induce blastogenesis.
Trivalent
Definition:
(a.) Having a valence of three; capable of being combined with, substituted for, or compared with, three atoms of hydrogen; -- said of triad atoms or radicals; thus, nitrogen is trivalent in ammonia.
Example Sentences:
(1) Binding is inhibited by divalent and trivalent cations (Cd2+ and La3+ being most potent) and other calcium channel drugs (1,4 dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines).
(2) Trivalent oral poliovaccine is used in Argentina to prevent poliomyelitis.
(3) The trivalent vaccine is intended to protect against currently circulating strains of influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses and may provide partial protection against the new influenza A(H1N1) variant.
(4) The second tool is trivalent arsenical affinity chromatography, which we use to show novel direct interactions between trivalent arsenicals and several proteins from 3T3-L1 adipocytes including the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4, the insulin proreceptor, and both the alpha and beta subunits of tubulin.
(5) Trivalent oral attenuated poliovirus vaccine or enhanced potency inactivated vaccine administered at ages 4 and 12 months.
(6) The results of validation tests showed that both Cr(VI) and trivalent chromium, Cr(III), were stable in the collection medium and that samples may be stored for up to 100 days without appreciable loss of Cr(VI).
(7) The transmembrane potential of voltage-clamped squid giant axon is increased to compensate for a reduction in the rate of potassium channel kinetics when artificial seawater with trivalent erbium ion is substituted for artificial seawater.
(8) Antibody production in kwashiorkor and marasmic infants was studied by dividing them into three groups and giving the first group a single dose of trivalent live attenuated polio virus, the second group live attenuated measles virus and the third group diphtheriatoxoid.
(9) Circulating trivalent chromium can be taken up by tissues, and its distribution in the body depends on the species, age, and chemical form.
(10) Unfortunately, epidemiologic studies have not provided definitive answers to other questions: (i) does trivalent chromium present a cancer risk?
(11) The time course in the kidney suggests that this organ may be involved in the metabolism and elimination of trivalent chromium.
(12) The trivalent hybrid also was capable of priming T lymphocytes in vivo that responded to each of the native serotypes of M protein as well as to the synthetic hybrid peptide in vitro.
(13) At early pachytene, the 1;29 trivalent, although to a less extensive degree, was also unpaired in the pericentric region.
(14) Transitory neurological deterioration occurred in 38% of patients despite the early administration of trivalent (ABE) equine antitoxin.
(15) Riems FMD two-component oil emulsion vaccine was subcutaneously applied (5 ml) under field conditions to 855 store pigs of different age groups (trivalent--O1, A5, C).
(16) However, the higher seroconversion rates attained by using the inactivated trivalent influenza virus vaccine do not necessarily mean that it is more efficacious in preventing infection or severe illness or both due to natural wild-type influenza A virus.
(17) CSF-AK analysis indicated cerebral damage as absent or trival in 45%, moderate in 33% and marked in 22%.
(18) However, evidence was obtained from quantitative precipitation experiments which indicated that BPO(6)-lysine(7) functions as a trivalent hapten immunologically, i.e., capable of binding three antibody molecules per mole hapten.
(19) In an attempt to improve the serological response of infants in warm climates to oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), the authors administered to 79 children between 6 and 41 weeks of age trivalent and monovalent OPV containing a virus dose 10 times as high as that found in the standard vaccine.
(20) Two of the chromosomes making up the trivalent were, most often, completely paired with each other and only partially paired or associated with the third one.