(p. pr.) Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads.
Example Sentences:
(1) The contents of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in grinding dust were undetectable.
(2) The mutagenic potency of the hexavalent metal was not enhanced by adding the microsomal fraction of rat hepatocytes, induced either with sodium barbital or with Aroclor 1254.
(3) These results suggest that SCE analysis in human lymphocytes is not a good indicator of possible mutagenic effects of exposure to hexavalent Cr.
(4) Both NAC and AR also stimulated other detoxifying mechanisms, such as those related to GSH S-transferase activity and to the NADPH-dependent reduction of hexavalent chromium.
(5) The theoretically increased lifetime carcinogenic risk from a continuous lifetime exposure to hexavalent chromium fell within the range 12-146 cancer cases per nanogram hexavalent chromium per cubic meter of air per million people exposed, depending on the potency estimate used.
(6) The effect of vitamin E was demonstrated only in an increase of the ratio of NCE to PCE, i.e., in a decrease of the cytotoxic but not the mutagenic effects of hexavalent chromium.
(7) Low-level exposure to hexavalent chromium associated with TIG stainless steel and mild steel welding do not appear to be a major hazard for human spermatogenesis.
(8) The reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI] by rat liver microsomes was studied.
(9) In order to study the difference of uptake and distribution between hexavalent (Cr6+) and trivalent (Cr3+) chromium in isolated rat hepatocytes, the cells were incubated with Cr6+ or Cr3+ (1 mM Cr) at 37 degrees C for up to 60 min.
(10) The development of spraying of sludges and composts will increase the quantity and efficiency of chromium in vegetals, because of various factors: the wastes of many industries: chromium plating plants, tanneries, painting and dyeing industries throw out hexavalent chromium; if the sewage sludges are purified by an irradiation treatment, it will tend to oxidize the whole chromium in hexavalent forms; at last, the presence of sewage sludges in the arable soil favours the assimilation of chromium by inhibiting that of iron (Figure 1).
(11) administration of high doses of hexavalent chromium to rats.
(12) The allergens which are responsible for about 50% of our cases are: turpentine, nickel, hexavalent chromium and mercuri-organic compounds.
(13) The chemical speciation of the chromium in Whetlerite was found to be: from 0.6 to 1.3% insoluble trivalent chromium; from 1.0 to 1.3% insoluble hexavalent chromium; and from 0.7 to 0.9% soluble hexavalent chromium.
(14) Addition of iron sulfate to cement means transformation of water-soluble hexavalent chromium into nonwater-soluble trivalent chromium.
(15) The distinctive sensitivity of the four Salmonella strains tested (TA1535, TA1537, TA98, and TA100) suggested that hexavalent chromium directly interacts with bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid by causing both frameshift mutations and basepair substitutions.
(16) Chronic exposure to low concentrations or brief exposures to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium (K2CrO4) transformed a rat liver epithelial cell line as assessed by anchorage-independent growth.
(17) Chromate (hexavalent chromium) salts of both high and medium water solubility were active in producing all three classes of response, whereas an insoluble chromate salt and a soluble chromic (trivalent chromium) salt were inactive.
(18) Some bacteria are able to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium which is much less toxic.
(19) These results demonstrate that the epicutaneous application of chromate resulted in a characteristic intraepidermal distribution which may be related to the epidermal conversion of the hexavalent chromate to the immunogenic trivalent form.
(20) It is therefore concluded that direct interaction of hexavalent CrO3 with plasma membrane of lymphocytes results in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and the inhibition of [3H]-TdR incorporation, but it does not induce blastogenesis.
Tungstic
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to tungsten; derived from, or resembling, tungsten; wolframic; as, tungstic oxide.
Example Sentences:
(1) After aldehyde-tannic fixation, Zinc-iodine-osmium fixation, Phospho Tungstic acid-chromium stain and two cytochemical reactions, the ultrastructure of the Golgi complex of early spermatids in the guinea pig reveals two different regions.
(2) Total preparations of P. aeruginosa (strain 65) were studied after contrastive treatment with 2% phosphato-tungstic acid and 2% uranyl acetate; ultrathin sections of bacteria treated with chlorhexidine bigluconate in various concentrations and fixied by the method of Hoffmann et al.
(3) Comparison of dye-bound-protein values with those for tungstic-acid-precipitated nitrogen x 6.25 for the LPC samples showed the heat-damaged samples to lie below the regression line for the other samples.
(4) Tungstic acid gel was applied to the motor area of the left side of the cortex, and the following results were obtained.
(5) Effects of anticonvulsants were electroencephalographically (EEG) and behaviorally examined on experimental epilepsy induced by cortical application of tungstic acid gel in rats.
(6) Pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) from tungstic acid, cobalt and alumina gel foci in cat were studied for spontaneous and antidromically-evoked firing patterns.
(7) The wide spectrum of protein derivatives crossing the gut wall have been utilised to compare the relative effectiveness of 10% TCA, and 1% tungstic acid, as reagents for the quantitative assessment of radioactive proteins and peptides.
(8) Effects of zonisamide (AD-810, CI-912) were examined on tungstic acid gel-induced thalamic generalized seizures and conjugated estrogen-induced cortical spike-wave discharges in gallamine-immobilized cats.
(9) The procedure involves tungstic acid extraction, partitioning into ethyl acetate, evaporation of ethyl acetate, derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFB), and analysis of the resulting derivative (PFB-FAC) by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CGC-MS) with specific ion monitoring (SIM).
(10) 1966.-Purified Vi antigen (Vi) mixed in equal amounts with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or human gamma globulin (HGG) at pH values above 4.7 formed a complex which was not precipitated by trichloroacetic acid or tungstic acid.
(11) The procedure requires about three minutes to perform and utilize a tungstic acid precipitant solution and urine glucose dipsticks.
(12) Values for protein by dye-binding correlated well with those for tungstic-acid-precipitated nitrogen (x6.25).
(13) Using rapid ionic fixation with molybdic or tungstic heteropolyanions (strong precipitating agents of quaternary ammonium cations such as choline and acetylcholine), acetylcholine-like cations were localized as point-like precipitates in the synaptic vesicles of resting (electrically nonstimulated) motor nerve terminals.
(14) Within the pH range 2.5-6.5 tungstic acid (an isopolyacid) prevents the reduction of silver ions by ascorbic or hydroquinone more effectively than either gum acacia or other protective colloids.
(15) Zonisamide prolonged the interictal periods of the generalized seizures by thalamic (centralis lateralis) application of tungstic acid gel (50 microliters) and, at the higher doses, abolished the seizures; its potency was near that of phenobarbital.
(16) The colloid state of tungstic acid can be stabilized with nonionic detergents, especially with Triton X-100.
(17) Trichloroacetic acid and tungstic acid are found to interfere in the assay.
(18) We have experienced a colorimetric procedure in which the sulfhydryl group of cystine reduces phosphotungstic acid to tungstic blue, which is determined photometrically.
(19) The LFI burst did occur spontaneously from PTNs in tungstic acid foci but could not be antidromically evoked.
(20) The method is based on a rapid precipitation of quarternary ammonium cations (such as acetylcholine or choline) by molybdic or tungstic heteropolyanions (such as phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid and silicotungstic acid).