What's the difference between homoplast and homoplasy?
Homoplast
Definition:
(n.) One of the plastids composing the idorgan of Haeckel; -- also called homoorgan.
Example Sentences:
(1) In both cases chondroma had been diagnosed histologically at previous operations consisting of curettage and homoplastic grafting.
(2) Average preoperative myopia was -11.16 diopters (D) with a range of -5.50 D to -21.62 D. Average postoperative myopia was +0.38 D with a range of -7.75 D to +8.50 D. Selected patients (11) had secondary procedures such as homoplastic MKM, astigmatism procedures, or radial keratotomy.
(3) Trypsin was used to isolate adult mouse (heteroplastic) or rat (homoplastic) pancreatic ductal epithelium and fetal rat mesenchyme.
(4) Twelve patients who had undergone osteosynthesis with a metal plate combined with a frozen homoplastic bone graft for the treatment of fractures or pseudarthrosis were subjected to bone scintigraphy with 99 Tc MDP.
(5) Alloplastic repair is inferior to homoplastic with suturing the margin of the meningeal defect to the transplant, since it does not permit a tight closure of the subdural space.
(6) The effects of homoplastic pituitary pars distalis homogenate (PDH) (1 pituitary per frog), 40 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG), 40 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), 10 micrograms growth hormone (GH), 40 IU PMSG + 10 micrograms GH, and 40 IU HCG + 10 micrograms GH in 0.2 ml saline on oocyte growth and recruitment were also studied in these frogs.
(7) That is, the plant sequence set is much more homoplastic than that of the animal.
(8) It therefore becomes essential to associate cancellous grafts (as proposed by the AO School) (Muller et al., 1981) or a homoplastic cortical craft (as in our experience) (Zinghi and Masetti, 1982).
(9) Because of a lack of studies documenting the behavior of corneal tissue following cryoprotection and freezing, it is suggested that measurements be taken during homoplastic surgery to minimize the potential for significant inaccuracy in obtaining the desired optic result.
(10) The hemodynamic reaction following the homoplastic graft was totally different after the 4th day.
(11) The process of labyrinth determination has been studied in amphibians (three Urodela and seven Anura species) using homoplastic transplantation of ear ectoderm, containing labyrinth material onto the abdominal wall of embryos of the same stage of development.
(12) Homoplastic pituitary extract is more potent than ovine LH + FSH in stimulating gametogenic and endocrine components of the developing testis.
(13) In homoplastic keratomileusis, keratophakia, and epikeratophakia, the corneal tissue that provides the final refractive lenticule undergoes a conformational change when frozen.
(14) The repair of the distal biceps tendon is achieved by an original method using a homoplastic sling around the radius.
(15) Furthermore, densitometry of electrophoresed PCR products from 109 mother-offspring pairs indicate that heteroplasmy is stably transmitted from mother to offspring with one exception: a heteroplasmic offspring had a homoplastic mother and sib.
(16) In the treatment of valgus flat foot in adolescent patients, when growth has nearly ceased (about 13 years in the female and 15 in the male) the operation of choice is varus osteotomy of the calcaneum, stabilised by a homoplastic bone wedge, together with tenodesis of tibialis anterior and posterior.
(17) The type of graft had no effect on the results: homoplastic grafts are therefore preferable since they cause less inconvenience.
(18) A good visual result was obtained by performing homoplastic myopic keratomileusis in situ.
(19) In view of the small number of cases studied and our incomplete knowledge of the metabolic processes involved these considerations must remain hypotheses but given the excellent clinical results obtained, the relationships between homoplastic bone and host bone merit further investigation.
(20) To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of scarring of a patient's own cornea after epikeratoplasty and of treatment of a failed epikeratoplasty with homoplastic myopic keratomileusis.
Homoplasy
Definition:
(n.) See Homogeny.
Example Sentences:
(1) Although the distribution of enamel prism packing patterns among primates suggests considerable homoplasy of this character, this feature does have considerable taxonomic interest at certain hierarchical levels in Primates.
(2) Homoplasy is as prevalent at the few variable sites of conserved regions (18E, 18J, 28F) as at the many variable sites of a more rapidly evolving region (28B).
(3) The pattern with considerable overlap, found in the three classes of amniotes, should be considered an independent development from the same primitive character and should, therefore, be defined as an example of parallel homoplasy.
(4) Further data are needed to decide whether the cell groups in Platyrhinoidis are homologous or homoplasious to their counterparts in land vertebrates.
(5) Cladograms consistently recovered accepted higher level relationships (monophyly of Lepidoptera), despite high homoplasy, but were unable to resolve superfamily and family relationships within Lepidoptera, regardless of the outgroup or character subset analyzed.
(6) Cladistic analyses indicate that the variation in presence of anterior ventral glands is due to homoplasy.
(7) Assignment of observed base substitutions occurring in various branches of the tree reveals an excess of would-be homoplasies in a centrally localized 1.8-kb segment containing the s15 gene.
(8) Matrices of delta Tm's, delta modes, and delta T50Hs were generated and corrected for nonreciprocity, homoplasy, and, in the case of delta Tm's, normalized percent hybridization; these matrices were analyzed using the FITCH algorithm in Felsenstein's PHYLIP (version 3.1).
(9) LeQuesne testing can give information about niche homoplasy, and it may also be possible to see if morphological features are functionally associated with ecological parameters, even if the direction of change is unknown.
(10) Further we offer an approach to structural analysis that demonstrates and quantitates the degree of homoplasy in particular positions of a protein.
(11) Of the many possible hypothetical relationships, the most parsimonious tree showed three homoplasies and allowed the genus Gerbillurus to be paraphyletic.
(12) The alternative trees, depicting larger number of homoplasies but with homoplasies restricted to fusion or fission events, were compatible with the morphological data in supporting the monophyly of Gerbillurus.
(13) Homoplasy, in particular, is a difficulty faced by all methods of phylogenetic inference.
(14) The main primary reasons for untrue or inexplicit morphological phylogenies are: not enough characters developed between branching points, uncertain character polarity, poorly differentiated character states, homoplasy caused by parallelism or reversal, and extinction, which may remove species entirely from consideration and can make originally conflicting data sets misleadingly compatible, increasing congruence at the expense of truth.
(15) The demonstration of extensive homoplasy in a malaria gene raises questions about the validity of familial relationships established among parasites with polymorphic markers.
(16) These include 1) the uncritical assumption of parsimony, 2) uncertainties in the identification of homoplasies, 3) difficulties in the appropriate delimitation of samples for analysis, 4) failure to account for normal patterns of variation, 5) methodological problems with the appropriate identification of morphological traits involving issues of biological relevance, intercorrelation, primary versus secondary characters, and the use of continuous variables, 6) issues of polarity identification, and 7) problems in hypothesis testing.
(17) Further, paleobiogeographic data support the DNA tree rather than the morphological tree, and a plausible heterochronic mechanism has been proposed that may account for the homoplasious morphological evolution that must have occurred if the DNA tree is correct.
(18) An analysis of expected and observed homoplasy revealed that the number of sequence changes uniquely shared by human and chimpanzee lineages is too large to be attributed to homoplasy.
(19) Furthermore, a critical analysis of potential sources of homoplasy (i.e., parallel evolution) reaffirms a Homo-Pan monophyletic clade (Miyamoto et al., 1987).
(20) We suggest that homoplasy at particular positions could mark a site of biological pressure on the parasite where interaction of the site with factors in the environment affects the success of the parasite population.