(n.) A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives.
Example Sentences:
(1) The high transition enthalpy for kerasin is ascribed to a lesser accommodation of gauche conformers in the hydrocarbon chains just below the transition temperature.
(2) Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility, carbon monoxide in expired air (CO), serum gammaglutamyl-transferase (GGT), and total cholesterol were compared in equal-sized, age-matched samples of healthy middle-aged males born in 1921, 1934-1936, and 1946 attending the ongoing preventive medical population program in Malmö.
(3) The length of the hydrocarbon chains of the surface-modified silica supports had no significant influence on the selectivity.
(4) The specificity of binding to microsomal proteins of metabolically activated hydrocarbons has been studied.
(5) Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase is present and inducible in Buffalo rat liver cells in culture.
(6) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
(7) Experiments with a series of adsorbents homologous with CPAD-Sepharose, in which the length of the hydrocarbon chain was varied, provided strong evidence of hydrophobic interactions, in addition to ionic interactions, in the binding of these proteins to CPAD-Sepharose.
(8) In the hydrocarbon promotion study, dose related increases were observed in the incidence of ACF in male rats promoted with UG or 50 ppm TMP for 24 or 60 weeks.
(9) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
(10) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
(11) Pancreas transplantation offers the possibility of preventing the development and progression of diabetic lesions by adequate control of hydrocarbon metabolism.
(12) A comparison of the relative cytosolic Ah (9S) receptor binding affinities and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction potencies of these hydrocarbons with their 4S protein binding affinities demonstrated the following: five compounds, namely 1,2,5,6-dibenz[a]-anthracene, 1,2,3,4-dibenz[a]anthracene, picene, benzo[a]pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene exhibited high to moderate binding affinities for the 4S and 9S cytosolic proteins (EC50 values less than 10(-6) M) and induced AHH in rat hepatoma cells; three compounds, namely perylene, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene exhibited high affinities for the 4S binding protein (1.25 X 10(-7), 4.4 X 10(-8) and 2.9 X 10(-8) M, respectively) and low affinities (EC50 values greater than 10(-5) M) for the Ah receptor protein; moreover these three compounds did not induce AHH in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture.
(13) It was found that HBSAg was strongly bound to straight hydrocarbon chains with more than seven carbon atoms.
(14) The parent hydrocarbons and the related K-region dihydrodiols induced some sister-chromatid exchanges but they were considerably less active than these two non-K-region diols.
(15) The effect of various fuel additives on the ability of platinum-palladium catalytic converters to remove the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon components of automotive exhaust has been examined.
(16) Other chlorinated hydrocarbons as decachlorobiphenyl, pentachloronaphthalene, hexachloronaphthalene and hexachlorostyrene were identified, but not quantified.
(17) It has been estimated that natural oil seeps may also contribute as much as 10% of the hydrocarbons in the global marine environment.
(18) The metabolic fate of the carcinogenic aza-aromatic hydrocarbon 7-methyl[7-(14)C]benz[c]acridine (14C-7MBAC) was studied in hepatocytes freshly isolated from untreated, phenobarbital-pretreated and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats.
(19) Renal cytochrome P450, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and benzphetamine N-demethylase were increased after partial hepatectomy by 84%, 360%, 165% and 406%, respectively.
(20) Antioxidants devoid of hydrocarbon tails, are 10-20 fold more potent LPO inhibitors than the corresponding AOs with hydrocarbon tails.
Pentyl
Definition:
(n.) The hypothetical radical, C5H11, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as Amyl.
Example Sentences:
(1) Maximum potency was displayed by N-tert-pentyl-N'-3 pyridyl-N"-cyanoguanidine (20).
(2) The other compounds (1-cyclopentylfestuclavine, 13-bromo-1-cyclopropylmethylfestuclavine, 6-cyano-1-propyl-6-norfestuclavine and 6-allyl-1-propyl-6-norfestuclavine) showed mutagenic effects only in the presence of S9, as previously observed with other clavines (agroclavine and its 1-propyl and 1-pentyl derivatives).
(3) In hepatocytes from Aroclor-pretreated rats, 0.09% were pentyl conjugates and 1.1% methyl conjugates.
(4) N-Propyl-, N-butyl, N-isobutyl, and N-pentyl-NNG's were administered to rats as 0.34mM solutions in the drinking water for 12 months and the rats were killed about 6 months later.
(5) Indeed, authentic 4-POBN pentyl radical adduct obtained from the reaction between pentylhydrazine and 4-POBN gave the same mass spectrum as the product obtained from the reaction of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid with 4-POBN.
(6) The ferrochelatase-inhibitory activity of the 4-butyl, 4-pentyl, 4-hexyl, and 4-cyclopropylmethyl analogues of DDC was considered to be due to the formation of the corresponding N-alkylporphyrins.
(7) Determinations of epsilonM of some higher esters (ethyl to pentyl) and some partial methyl esters with one carboxyl group free are also presented.
(8) These compounds were converted to pentyl derivatives with pentyl Grignard reagent and then analysed by C-GC.
(9) Additionally, the ability of the mutant complexes to oxidize reduced benzyl viologen or reduce the ubiquinone analogue 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone and phenazine methosulfate with succinate as electron donor were also affected but to varying degrees.
(10) The dog's response magnitude dependence on the nasal flow rate was noticeable for n-pentyl acetates, but not so great as for n-butyric acid.
(11) P450IIB1 also catalyses the alpha-oxygenation of both the pentyl and methyl groups of N-nitrosopentylmethylamine, forming pentaldehyde and formaldehyde at a rate ratio of 2:1, as well as oxygenation at other carbons of the pentyl group.
(12) Finally, in agreement with earlier reports on the naturally occurring pentyl side chain acids, the synthetic acids showed little activity in producing catalepsy in the mouse, suggesting that they would be nonpsychotropic in humans.
(13) The effects of the hypoketonaemic and hypoglycaemic compound 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA) on fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in rat hepatocytes were examined.
(14) Phenyl ethyl pentylphosphonate inhibits at least as well or probably better than p-nitrophenyl ethyl pentyl phosphonate, the chemotactic factor induced relase of lysozyme from polymorphonuclear leucocytes spread on Millipore filters in the absence of cytochalasin B.
(15) In the present study, we have investigated agroclavine and its 1-propyl and 1-pentyl derivatives for mutagenicity.
(16) An alpha-fucosidase from the liver of the marine gastropod Charonia lampas was purified to homogeneity using a procedure that included cation-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography, chromatofocusing and a final series of affinity-chromatography steps which involved the following gel-immobilized ligands: N-(5-carboxy-1-pentyl)-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-L-fucitol, N-(5-carboxy-1-pentyl)-2-acetamido-1,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-D-glucitol and thio-beta-D-galactoside.
(17) Systematic examination of a homologous series of omega-aminoalkyl agaroses showed that the pentyl derivative (Seph-C5-NH2) was best suited for the retention and subsequent separation of several proteins involved in the regulation of glutamine metabolism in Escherichia coli, including: glutamine synthetase [EC 6.3.1.2; L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)], ATP:glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.42), the PII regulatory protein which regulates the adenylylation and deadenylylation activities of the adenylyltransferase, the UTP:PII protein uridylyltransferase, and the uridylyl removing enzyme which catalyzes the removal of uridylyl groups from uridylylated PII protein.
(18) The receptor is adsorbed to uncharged pentyl-Sepharose but not to butyl-Sepharose at 1 M NaCl.
(19) The tritiated analogue of R75231 ((+-)-2-(aminocarbonyl)-N-(4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-[5,5-bis (4-fluorophenyl)pentyl]-1-piperazineacetamide) has been examined as a new radioligand for (nitrobenzylthioinosine sensitive) nucleoside transport proteins.
(20) In contrast, for leghemoglobin, although the rate constants decrease from methyl to n-propyl, they show a progressive and important rise with longer alkyl substituents: n-butyl and n-pentyl.