(n.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base.
Example Sentences:
(1) CD-349 inhibited the [3H]CD-349 binding to CaM, at a concentration producing a 50% inhibition (IC50) of 2.4 microM, whereas the CaM antagonist, trifluoperazine hydrochloride (TFP), stimulated the [3H]CD-349 binding to CaM.
(2) A marked analgesic effect was found after application of morphine hydrochloride patch containing Azone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
(3) The treatment group received 75 mg of roxatidine acetate hydrochloride at 9 PM and 12 to 13 hours later gastric juice secretion was measured with gastric x-ray films in both groups.
(4) In a previous report dealing with the guanidine hydrochloride protocol for the extraction of RNA from mouse peritoneal macrophages, we identified a major source of RNA-degrading activity and showed that its removal early in the extraction procedure resulted in a more dependable method for the recovery of high-quality RNA.
(5) The influence of intravitreal injection of a small amount of l-ornithine hydrochloride in monkey eyes has been investigated morphologically.
(6) In the first experiment, mongrel and ddS mice produced under an unsatisfactory control of proximate environment were purchased, and acute toxicity tests of thiamine hydrochloride (B1HCl) and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) were practiced at two different conditioned rooms.
(7) 1-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3- nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) causes chloroethylation of DNA strand followed by cross linking through an ethylene bridge.
(8) We used two experimental techniques to study the effect of lidocaine hydrochloride on the early inward transient (sodium) current as it is reflected by the maximum rate of change of action potential phase 0 (Vmax).
(9) A23187, KC1, sucrose, and 8-(diethylamino)octyl-3,4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride increase proteolysis while tetracaine, verapamil, and low extracellular calcium caused significant decreases.
(10) To test the hypothesis that noradrenergic replacement may confer symptomatic benefit, a double-blind, placebo-controlled therapeutic trial with clonidine hydrochloride (Catapres), a centrally active noradrenergic receptor agonist, was undertaken in eight patients with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
(11) Pretreatment of ET particles with oligomycin enhanced the stimulation of NO2- oxidation induced by NH4Cl or by cyclohexylamine hydrochloride.
(12) Acylation with benzoyl chloride and triethylamine in acetonitrile followed by hydrogenolysis with 10% palladium on carbon in trifluoroacetic acid gives O-benzoyl-L-serine, isolated as the hydrochloride salt.
(13) Guanidine hydrochloride was as effective as the best organic solvent in increasing the solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S; urea was far less effective.
(14) The clinical effectiveness and safety of terodiline hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride were studied on 51 patients with neurogenic bladder, stress incontinence, unstable bladder and others, the chief complaints of which were urinary frequency or urinary incontinence.
(15) The results suggest that cyclopentolate hydrochloride at concentrations up to 0.05% applied before sleep would not be accompanied by inhibitory effects on accommodation during the day.
(16) Betahistine hydrochloride thus acts as a potent cerebral and peripheral microcirculatory vasodilator in normal humans when given orally.
(17) Tartaric acid-evoked contractions of the rat isolated fundus could not be antagonized by atropine sulphate or methysergide hydrogen maleate, but were partially reduced by mepyramine hydrochloride.
(18) The rate of release of an aqueous solution of pilocarpine hydrochloride sequestered in hydrogel-type materials can be reduced by plasma treatment of the polymer surface.
(19) 3-(2-Diethylaminoethyl)-4-methyl-7-(carbethoxy-methoxy)-2-oxo-1,2-chromene-hydrochloride (carbocromen, Intensaïn) was studied on a model of a brief intermittent myocardial ischemia in dogs.
(20) Sodium oxacillin and lincomycin hydrochloride used as described in this study are capable of bathing the area of the surgical wound with concentrations of antibiotics above the minimal inhibitory concentrations.
Topotecan
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Topotecan also induced mild depressions in the hematocrit level in the majority of courses; however, precipitous drops requiring transfusional therapy occurred in 14% of courses and suggested a drug-induced hemolytic effect.
(2) Topotecan (SK&F 104864) is a novel antitumor agent whose mechanism of action is inhibition of the DNA unwinding protein topoisomerase I.
(3) Association of topoisomerase I with this effect was confirmed in studies of Chinese hamster ovary cells previously made resistant to camptothecin (and cross-resistant to topotecan), resulting in decreased cellular content of topoisomerase I.
(4) Non-small-cell lung and platinum-refractory ovarian carcinomas should be among those evaluated in phase II trials of topotecan.
(5) A phase I and pharmacologic study was undertaken to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), describe the principal toxicities, and characterize the pharmacologic behavior of topotecan, which is a semisynthetic analog of camptothecin with broad preclinical antitumor activity and the first topoisomerase I-targeting agent to enter clinical development in the United States since studies of sodium camptothecin over 2 decades ago.
(6) Topotecan appears to be active in vitro against a variety of human tumors, including a subgroup resistant in vitro to standard antineoplastic agents.
(7) In rhabdomyosarcoma Rh12 and VRC5 colon adenocarcinoma, both of which demonstrated intermediate sensitivity to topotecan, and in osteosarcoma OS33, protracted p.o.
(8) We have shown that topotecan is partially hydrolyzed prior to administration in parenteral solutions, and that clearance of the parent compound proceeds in vivo by conversion to hydroxy acid and elimination.
(9) For animals receiving a single sequential treatment with DAC and topotecan, the median time until the mean tumor size reached 20 mm was 38 days, and for the group with multiple sequential combination treatments the time was 51 days.
(10) Further clinical development of topotecan is warranted.
(11) The reduced cytotoxicity of topotecan in KB V1 cells was due to the overexpression of MDR1 in KB V1 cells since verapamil restored both topotecan accumulation and cytotoxicity.
(12) Topotecan (TPT, 9-dimethylaminomethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin) is the first topoisomerase I-directed cytotoxic agent to enter clinical trials in the United States in two decades.
(13) In this phase I clinical and pharmacological trial, topotecan was given as a bolus intravenous (i.v.)
(14) Topotecan demonstrated significant activity against all three osteosarcoma xenografts examined, with optimal schedules causing complete regression in two lines.
(15) A soft-agar cloning system assay was used to determine the in vitro effects of topotecan against cells from biopsy specimens of colorectal, breast, lung, ovarian, renal cell, and gastric cancers and cancers of unknown primary origin.
(16) We have evaluated the interaction between 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine (DAC) and 9-dimethylaminomethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (topotecan) based on our hypothesis that DAC, through DNA hypomethylation, might increase the transcription of topoisomerase I (topo I) leading to increased sensitivity to topotecan.
(17) In addition, some of the tumor specimens resistant to cyclophosphamide and etoposide were also sensitive to topotecan.
(18) CPT-11 and Topotecan are a new semisynthetic derivative of CPT, and have been shown to inhibit DNA topoisomerase I and to have a strong antitumor activity with low toxicity against murine tumor.
(19) In view of the profound biochemical effects of camptothecin and its analogues on DNA replication and the differential cytotoxic effects on human tumors in xenografts, experiments were performed to determine whether topotecan, a camptothecin analogue, would potentiate the radiation effects on human carcinoma cells in culture and murine fibrosarcoma in mice.
(20) The article focuses on tubulin poisons such as taxol, topoisomerase inhibitors, such as topotecan, and drugs such as bryostatin 1 and miltefosin, which interfere with specific signal transduction pathways involved in malignant cell growth.