(n.) A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.
Example Sentences:
(1) The hypothesis that proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis was tested using U937 mononuclear phagocytes as targets and iron together with hydrogen peroxide to generate radicals.
(2) It has been conformed that catalase from bovine liver eliminates only the pro R hydrogen atom from ethanol.
(3) We investigated the possible contribution made by oropharyngeal microfloral fermentation of ingested carbohydrate to the generation of the early, transient exhaled breath hydrogen rise seen after carbohydrate ingestion.
(4) Hydrogen isotope effects on these mutants indicate that MotA catalyzes proton transfer.
(5) Excessive accumulation of hydrogen ions in the brain may play a pivotal role in initiating the necrosis seen in infarction and following hyperglycemic augmentation of ischemic brain damage.
(6) Studies were conducted in isolated, buffer-perfused rat lungs to determine if prostaglandin (PG) E1 attenuated pulmonary edema provoked by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
(7) All N and O atoms except N(3) and O(4') participate in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding system.
(8) Both adiphenine.HCl and proadifen.HCl form more stable complexes, suggesting that hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl oxygen by the hydroxyl-group on the rim of the CD ring could be an important contributor to the complexation.
(9) Control mutant S38N has stability essentially the same as that of wild-type lysozyme but hydrogen bonding similar to that of the stabilizing mutant S38D.
(10) High intensity ultrasound also enhances the heterogeneous catalysis of alkene hydrogenation by Ni powders.
(11) An atmosphere of hydrogen eliminates this inhibition in the hydrogenase-containing T. foetus but not in E. invadens which lacks the enzyme.
(12) Vanadate-dependent oxidation of either pyridine nucleotide was inhibited by the addition of either superoxide dismutase or catalase, indicating that both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide may be intermediates in the process.
(13) Our findings suggest that (a) the inclusion of a liquid meal provides a reproducible method of measuring orocaecal transit using the lactulose hydrogen breath test, (b) rapid small bowel transit in thyrotoxicosis may be one factor in the diarrhoea which is a feature of the disease and (c) if altered gut transit is the cause of sluggish bowel habit in hypothyroidism, delay in the colon, and not small bowel, is likely to be responsible.
(14) Stepwise hydrogenation of metal tetradehydrocorrin salts (10 double bonds) yields a series of macrocycles containing 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 double bonds and conditions necessary to obtain corrins have been established.
(15) For dipeptides containing the amino terminal residues glycine, alanine and phenylalanine, abstraction of the hydrogen from the carbon adjacent to the peptide nitrogen was the major process leading to the spin-adducts.
(16) (7) The first-order radical transformation rates are independent of the (initial) concentration of N3 or peptide and unaffected by urea (as a modifier of hydrogen bond structures).
(17) Intermolecular contacts occur in both oligomers in the minor groove: in the B form through twisted guanine-guanine hydrogen bonding, and in the Z form through base-base stacking and the water network.
(18) Equilibrium-partitioning measurements indicate that the relative affinities of different probes for PC-rich vesicles, in competition with HODMA or DOTAP vesicles, increase with increasing hydrogen-bonding capacity of the probe headgroup in the order PC less than N,N-dimethyl PE less than N-methyl PE less than PE approximately phosphatidyl-2-amino-1-propanol.
(19) When tissue metabolism was irreversibly inhibited by exposure to formaldehyde, hydrogen ion concentration and pCO2 were significantly decreased in the mucosal side of the chamber compared with the viable gall bladder.
(20) Based on the refined atomic coordinates of the tRNAphe in the orthorhombic crystal, on the recent advances in the distance dependence of the ring-current magnetic field effects and on the adopted values for the isolated hydrogen-bonded NH resonances, a computed spectrum consisting of 23 protons was constructed.
Nonyl
Definition:
(n.) The hydrocarbon radical, C9H19, derived from nonane and forming many compounds. Used also adjectively; as, nonyl alcohol.
Example Sentences:
(1) Dipyridamole (5 x 10(-5) M) and erythro-9-2-hydroxy-3 nonyl adenosine (EHNA) (10(-4) M) also reduced tritium release.
(2) MnO2 reduction with glucose by induced whole cells and cell extracts, was inhibited by 1 mM atebrine, 0.1 mM dicumarol, and 10 mM cyanide but not by antimycin A, 2n-nonyl-4-hydroxyguinoline-N-oxide) (NOQNO), 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl),1,3-butanedione, or carbon monoxide.
(3) Treatment of 32P-labeled polymorphonuclear leukocytes with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, plus exogenous adenosine and L-homocysteine thiolactone, conditions which cause an increase in AdoHcy, produced as much as a 37% decrease in the amount of [32P]phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate associated with the cells.
(4) Nonyl phenol ethoxylate (trade name teric GN9) was used for defaunation; 100 g teric GN9 was found to be sufficient to eliminate protozoa from the rumen.
(5) C-Film is a 5-cm square of polyvinyl alcohol impregnated with 67 mg of nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Nonyl-9).
(6) Dipyridamole and two adenosine deaminase inhibitors [deoxycoformycin and erythro-9(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine] had no effect on either the haemodynamic response of adenosine or its deamination and its uptake by gill tissues.
(7) Treatment of isolated monocytes with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, plus exogenous adenosine and L-homocysteine thiolactone increased intracellular S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine levels by as much as 1500-fold.
(8) The photocycle kinetics for BR purified from each mutant are determined for micellar solutions in two detergents, nonyl glucoside and CHAPSO, and are compared to results from studies on delipidated BR (d-BR) in the same detergents.
(9) Interaction of chemical fusogen n-nonyl bromide with a model membrane formed from phosphatidylcholine was studied using 2D-NMR spectra of heavy water and 31P-NMR proton decoupled spectra of the lipid phosphate group in multilamellar lipid dispersions.
(10) Effects of erythro-9(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA), an inhibitor of the common Adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4.
(11) Deazaadenosine analogues are good inhibitors, while erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine binds with low affinity.
(12) The enzyme was inhibited by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine and 2'-deoxycoformycin with Ki 4.4 x 10(-7) M and 3.2 x 10(-7) M for mitochondrial ADA and 4.9 x 10(-7) M 2.8 x 10(-7) M for cytosolic ADA.
(13) Effects of N-alkyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium ions with different alkyl substituents (hexyl, nonyl, dodecyl, and octadecyl) on the lateral packing of lipids in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) dispersions in H2O was investigated by Raman spectroscopy in a spectral region of 2800--3100 cm-1 at temperatures between 22--70 degrees C. The lateral order parameter Slat calculated by empirical equation reveals that the addition of the ions decreases the lateral ordering of lipid hydrocarbon chains in the gel phase, while in the liquid crystalline state the lateral ordering is increased.
(14) Inhibition of aortic adenosine deaminase with erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) did not influence sequestration of 0.1 microM adenosine, but resulted in a 49% reduction of total endothelial incorporation at 100 microM adenosine.
(15) Microsomes from perfused human donor kidneys were separated by differential centrifugation in sucrose, and thoroughly washed before solubilization by the nonionic detergent nonyl-beta-D-glucoside.
(16) We use membrane model systems to demonstrate that 10N-nonyl acridine orange binds to negatively charged phospholipids (cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine).
(17) The inhibitory effect of 3-3H-2-n-nonyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline-N-oxide (3H-NQNO) on the respiration induced by NADH or by succinate was studied in submitochondrial particles from beef heart.
(18) E3330 [(2E)-3-[5-(2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinoyl)]-2-nonyl-2- propenoic acid] is a newly synthesized hepatoprotective quinone derivative.
(19) There was no accumulation of radioactivity in adenosine in the presence or absence of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 9-erythro-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine.
(20) X-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained for the lyotropic phases of n-octyl 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and the related n-heptyl, n-nonyl and n-decyl compounds with water.