What's the difference between hydroxyl and indoxyl?
Hydroxyl
Definition:
(n.) A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(2) This stimulation is mediated by one receptor with an apparent affinity of 3.3 X 10(-6) M. The hydroxyl group in the para position on phenylethanolamine was absolutely necessary to obtain an agonist whereas the meta hydroxyl group or the presence of a catechol almost suppressed the activity.
(3) The coatings formed contain only stable chemical bonds (e.g., C-C, C-O-C), and easily-derivatized hydroxyl moieties.
(4) The efficacy of both PCBOH I and III derivatives required the presence of a hydroxyl moiety and increased directly with the degree of chlorination.
(5) tert-Butyl hydroaminoxyl is detected as a degradation product of the hydroxyl adduct from all spin traps.
(6) A method for the introduction of side chains containing isonitrile (isocyanide, functional group) on the backbone of polysaccharides and other hydroxylic polymers was developed.
(7) P-1894B dose dependently reduced the hydroxylation of peptidyl proline in the fibrotic liver.
(8) The 1-carboxyalkyl nicotinamide----dihydronicotinamide redox pair is a new type of brain-enhanced chemical delivery system for drugs containing hydroxyl groups.
(9) Both adiphenine.HCl and proadifen.HCl form more stable complexes, suggesting that hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl oxygen by the hydroxyl-group on the rim of the CD ring could be an important contributor to the complexation.
(10) Enzyme-inhibiting ability for individual alkylphenols can be estimated based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship developed by Dewhirst (1980) and is a function of the free hydroxyl group, electron-donating ring substituents, and hydrophobic aromatic ring substituents.
(11) Samples of rockwool and glass fibre were compared with chrysotile fibres for their capacity to hydroxylate 2-deoxyguanosine to 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a reaction that is mediated by formation of hydroxyl radicals.
(12) aldrin epoxidation, ethylmorphine demethylation, and benzo(a)-pyrene hydroxylation were induced under these conditions.
(13) Cytochrome P-450 IVA1 (or a very closely related isoenzyme in the same gene family) was a major constitutive haemoprotein in rat kidney microsomes and actively supported the omega-hydroxylation of lauric acid.
(14) In vitro sensitizing activities were correlated to the promotion efficiency of radiolytic hydroxylation of thymine to thymine glycol and to the one-electron reduction potential of a variety of fluorinated and non-fluorinated nitroazole derivatives.
(15) Ring hydroxylated saterinone and three metabolites that were not identified made up about 1-4% each.
(16) Nafimidone and other 1-imidazoles were shown to be potent inhibitors of phenytoin p-hydroxylation in rat hepatic microsomes, being very effective even at submicromolar concentrations.
(17) Only pretreatment of rabbits with rifampicin, which induces cytochrome P-450 form 3c (P-450IIIA6), significantly increased the microsomal hydroxylation of tolbutamide.
(18) Synthesis with denatured DNA as template presumably proceeds from 3'-hydroxyl termini formed at loop-back regions since the synthesized DNA product and template are covalently linked.
(19) Here we report that phenol hydroxylation to hydroquinone is also catalyzed by human myeloperoxidase in the presence of a superoxide anion radical generating system, hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.
(20) Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the heme iron in various states of cytochrome P450cam from the camphor-hydroxylating system of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida.
Indoxyl
Definition:
(n.) A nitrogenous substance, C8H7NO, isomeric with oxindol, obtained as an oily liquid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Concentration of indoxyl sulfate in bile of a uremic rat was much lower than that in the uremic serum, suggesting that the adsorption of indoxyl sulfate in intestine is not a major mechanism of decreasing the serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate.
(2) 5-Bromo-indoxyl acetate esterase was likewise absent from the parietal vascular cells of the central artery.
(3) As a model alkaline phosphatase and non-specific esterase were investigated with indoxyl substrates and 11 tetrazolium salts of different reducible substances in livers and kidneys of rat.
(4) The enzymatic activity was revealed by reddish-brown, purple red, and indigo-blue cytoplasmic precipitate, using the substrates alpha-naphthyl-acetate, naphthol-AS acetate and 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl acetate respectively.
(5) The most recently published method for the assay of testicular hyaluronidase preparations was based on the premise that the enzyme also exhibited carboxylesterase activity towards indoxyl acetate.
(6) Oxindole, 3-methyloxindole, and indoxyl were identified as metabolites of indole, 3-methylindole, and 3-indolyl acetate degradation, respectively.
(7) When using the indoxyl method the incubation period can be reduced from 2.5-3 hr to 40-50 min.
(8) The absorbed indole is converted to indoxyl sulfate through indoxyl in liver.
(9) In normal subjects, ingestion of hippuric acid or potassium indoxyl sulfate significantly increased fractional urinary excretion of uric acid.
(10) was obtained with the indoxyl acetate test than with the trimethylamine N-oxide test.
(11) Compared with the already existing methods the azo-indoxyl and indigogenic procedures are by far the most suitable techniques.
(12) Indoxyl derivatives were detected as minor products among the urinary metabolites of two trial drugs, a benzodiazepine (GP 55 129) and a benzophenone (CGP 11 952).
(13) Indole is metabolized by two pathways, one via indoxyl to isatin, N-formylanthranilic acid and anthranilic acid, and the other via oxindole to 5-hydroxyoxindole and possibly to o-aminophenylacetic and anthranilic acid.
(14) The of phenazine methosulphate improves the indoxyl-tetrazolium techniques above all in the neutral and acid range.
(15) The patients given AST-120 showed significantly reduced serum concentration of indoxyl sulphate as compared to control haemodialysis patients, even though the serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine did not decrease significantly in the patients treated with AST-120.
(16) Medium m-CP, designed for the isolation of Clostridium perfringens from water samples, contains indoxyl beta-D-glucoside, an expensive chemical that is present at a high concentration in this medium.
(17) Radioactivity is present as indoxyl sulphate (0.8% dose) and 5-hydroxyoxindole conjugates (0.6%).
(18) Certain uremic metabolites are recognized to have high affinity to serum protein and some of them have been identified as hippuric acid (HA), quinolinic acid (QA) and indoxyl sulfate (IS).
(19) In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the cytochemical approach to problems in microbiology, an indoxyl method was developed for the demonstration of beta-galactosidase activity in unfixed bacteria.
(20) The colors are formed from the substrate indoxyl sulfate (indican) and all 7 patients had bacteria in the urine that would produce blue colonies on agar enriched with the urine (filter sterilized) of the patients involved.