What's the difference between hydroxyl and tetrol?
Hydroxyl
Definition:
(n.) A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(2) This stimulation is mediated by one receptor with an apparent affinity of 3.3 X 10(-6) M. The hydroxyl group in the para position on phenylethanolamine was absolutely necessary to obtain an agonist whereas the meta hydroxyl group or the presence of a catechol almost suppressed the activity.
(3) The coatings formed contain only stable chemical bonds (e.g., C-C, C-O-C), and easily-derivatized hydroxyl moieties.
(4) The efficacy of both PCBOH I and III derivatives required the presence of a hydroxyl moiety and increased directly with the degree of chlorination.
(5) tert-Butyl hydroaminoxyl is detected as a degradation product of the hydroxyl adduct from all spin traps.
(6) A method for the introduction of side chains containing isonitrile (isocyanide, functional group) on the backbone of polysaccharides and other hydroxylic polymers was developed.
(7) P-1894B dose dependently reduced the hydroxylation of peptidyl proline in the fibrotic liver.
(8) The 1-carboxyalkyl nicotinamide----dihydronicotinamide redox pair is a new type of brain-enhanced chemical delivery system for drugs containing hydroxyl groups.
(9) Both adiphenine.HCl and proadifen.HCl form more stable complexes, suggesting that hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl oxygen by the hydroxyl-group on the rim of the CD ring could be an important contributor to the complexation.
(10) Enzyme-inhibiting ability for individual alkylphenols can be estimated based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship developed by Dewhirst (1980) and is a function of the free hydroxyl group, electron-donating ring substituents, and hydrophobic aromatic ring substituents.
(11) Samples of rockwool and glass fibre were compared with chrysotile fibres for their capacity to hydroxylate 2-deoxyguanosine to 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a reaction that is mediated by formation of hydroxyl radicals.
(12) aldrin epoxidation, ethylmorphine demethylation, and benzo(a)-pyrene hydroxylation were induced under these conditions.
(13) Cytochrome P-450 IVA1 (or a very closely related isoenzyme in the same gene family) was a major constitutive haemoprotein in rat kidney microsomes and actively supported the omega-hydroxylation of lauric acid.
(14) In vitro sensitizing activities were correlated to the promotion efficiency of radiolytic hydroxylation of thymine to thymine glycol and to the one-electron reduction potential of a variety of fluorinated and non-fluorinated nitroazole derivatives.
(15) Ring hydroxylated saterinone and three metabolites that were not identified made up about 1-4% each.
(16) Nafimidone and other 1-imidazoles were shown to be potent inhibitors of phenytoin p-hydroxylation in rat hepatic microsomes, being very effective even at submicromolar concentrations.
(17) Only pretreatment of rabbits with rifampicin, which induces cytochrome P-450 form 3c (P-450IIIA6), significantly increased the microsomal hydroxylation of tolbutamide.
(18) Synthesis with denatured DNA as template presumably proceeds from 3'-hydroxyl termini formed at loop-back regions since the synthesized DNA product and template are covalently linked.
(19) Here we report that phenol hydroxylation to hydroquinone is also catalyzed by human myeloperoxidase in the presence of a superoxide anion radical generating system, hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.
(20) Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the heme iron in various states of cytochrome P450cam from the camphor-hydroxylating system of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida.
Tetrol
Definition:
(n.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C4H4, analogous to benzene; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule.
Example Sentences:
(1) The amount of administered tetrol recovered unchanged ranged from 1 to 88%.
(2) Studies were designed to elucidate the origin of estetrol (15alpha-hydroxyestriol (estra-1,3,5(10)triene-3,15alpha,17beta-tetrol) or E4) during late human pregnancy.
(3) To improve the identification of the DNA adducts formed, an acid hydrolysis technique was used to convert the BPD- and anti-BPDE-deoxyribonucleoside adducts formed in mouse and rat skin to BP tetrols.
(4) Four substances from the urine of a hypertensive newborn girl were partially characterized and shown to be 17alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-1,3,20-trione, 3alpha,17alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-1,20-dione, 3alpha,17alpha,20alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-1-one and 5beta-pregnane-1beta,3alpha,17alpha,20alpha-tetrol.
(5) The 5beta-[24-14C]cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha, 25-triol was hydroxylated in the liver at the 12alpha position to yield the corresponding 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha, 25-tetrol.
(6) The major ethylacetate extractable metabolites of BP formed by peripheral lung were tetrols and trans-7,8-diol.
(7) and mass-spectral examination of which suggested the structure 5alpha-cholane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol.
(8) The following materials were obtained by this method: 5 alpha-anhydrocyprinol, 5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol, 5 alpha-cholestane 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,26-tetrol, an unidentified sterol from the neutral lipid fraction, allocholic acid and allochenodeoxycholic acid from the bile acid fraction.
(9) The major metabolite in all incubations was very similar, but not identical, in chemical and chromatographic properties to 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 6 alpha, 17,20 beta-tetrol.
(10) Thus, this study indicates that 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25-tetrol is an inefficient substrate for cholic acid biosynthesis in man and that the major route of cholic acid synthesis probably involves the 26-hydroxylated intermediate.
(11) Small amounts of the sulphate conjugate, 9-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene and the tetrols were also detected.
(12) We have evaluated both electron ionization (EI) and negative-ion chemical ionization (NICI) methods for the analysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) alcohols including styrene diol, benzo[e]pyrene diol and tetrols, cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene diols, benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-diols, chrysene tetrols, benz[a]anthracene tetrols I and II, and syn- and anti-benzo[a]pyrene tetrols.
(13) The structure of tetrol 4 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
(14) The main toxin of both species was identified by mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses as the 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3',4,4'-tetrol-1,1'-dioxide, which is identical to orellanine.
(15) A major metabolite, present in all three fractions, was tentatively identified as 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta,7 alpha,17,20 beta-tetrol.
(16) The percentage of 20 beta-epimers of 3 alpha, 17 alpha, 20-trihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-11-one, 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 11 beta, 17 alpha, 20-tetrol (in the normotensive CAH, PVS and POS) and 5 alpha- or 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 17 alpha, 20, 21-tetrol (in the hypertensive CAH) varied from nil to 76%.
(17) The assay for BaP-globin adducts was based on the release of tetrahydroxy-BaP (BaP-tetrols) from globin by mild acid hydrolysis.
(18) BaP-tetrol levels were measured in rats dosed intraperitoneally with 242, 71 and 24 mumol BaP kg-1 body weight in corn oil.
(19) The structure of clinopodiside A was elucidated by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1----6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1----4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-olean-11, 13 (18)-diene-3 beta, 16 beta, 23, 28-tetrol.
(20) BP-tetrols were detected in extracts from 8 placentas: 5 of 7 from smokers and 3 of 9 from nonsmokers.