What's the difference between hymenoptera and petiole?
Hymenoptera
Definition:
(n. pl.) An extensive order of insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) When such theory is combined with the sex ratio theory of Fisher (9), a body of consistent predictions emerges regarding the haplodiploid Hymenoptera.
(2) Dramatic cases of hymenoptera stings have been reported from various sources for several years now.
(3) A growth-blocking peptide (GBP) with repressive activity against juvenile hormone (JH) esterase has been isolated from the last (6th) instar larval plasma of the armyworm Pseudaletia separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) parasitized by the parasitoid wasp Apanteles kariyai (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1,2).
(4) Sequence divergence in the 16S rRNA obtained from alignment with published insect sequences is consistent with phylogenetic hypotheses, in that Diptera and Lepidoptera are more closely related to each other (24% sequence divergence) than either is to Hymenoptera (31%).
(5) Polymorphisms were readily detected in polydnavirus DNA extracted from several different species belonging to two different families of parasitic hymenoptera.
(6) At the moment, this method is regarded as indispensable to prevent allergy to Hymenoptera, useful in patients with moderate asthma due to allergy to house mites, and to be envisaged in some patients allergic to pollens or to cats.
(7) Structural similarities to spermatozoa of other Hymenoptera include an acrosome containing an internal rod that extends into the nucleus, two elongate mitochondrial derivatives, a centriolar adjunct, and an axonemal arrangement of 9 + 9 + 2 that includes well-developed coarse, or accessory, tubules.
(8) Hymenoptera respond to confinement by vigorous and persistent escape behavior.
(9) Generally, patients who have had systemic reactions to stings should be assessed by an allergist to determine whether they are candidates for immunotherapy with Hymenoptera venom.
(10) Venoms from 20 species of stinging Hymenoptera, including nine species of ants and nine species of social wasps, were quantitatively analyzed for the following enzymic activities: phospholipase A, hyaluronidase, lipase, esterase, protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase.
(11) Nine cats were given an intravenous injection of the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis, Vespinae; Hymenoptera) venom sac extract (VSE) and seven cats had the same VSE administered as eye drops.
(12) All patients with a history of systemic reactions to hymenoptera stings must be instructed in prophylactic measures and receive emergency medication including adrenalin.
(13) This harmless and effective method should be offered to patients allergic to hymenoptera venom.
(14) A significant level of IgG4 antibodies has been detected as early as 3 months after initiating immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms; in our patients, grass pollens, being more "pure", were able to induce an IgG4 response earlier than house dust mites or molds.
(15) Without the ready availability of venom skin tests to all Hymenoptera antigens or other in vitro tests, a definite assessment of insect anaphylaxis remains in doubt for the patient and physician.
(16) Measurement of the titre of specific IgG4 by the ELISA method may provide objective assistance to the control of specific immunotherapy (IS) to hymenoptera venom and grass pollens.
(17) 3,7-Dimethylpentadecan-2-ol was identified as the free alcohol in three species from two genera of pine sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae).
(18) There appear to be cross-reactive or shared antigens between fire ant venom, WBE, and WBE of other Hymenoptera.
(19) No general theory explains why a sterile worker caste is not found in all species of both Hymenoptera and Isoptera (Insecta).
(20) Extensive previous studies have demonstrated that attempts to produce polymers of Hymenoptera venoms for human immunotherapy resulted in insoluble precipitates that could be injected with safety but with very limited immunogenicity in allergic patients.
Petiole
Definition:
(n.) A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See Illust. of Leaf.
(n.) A stalk or peduncle.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicate that the anatomical counter-current heat exchanger is reduced or eliminated during heat stress by 'chopping' the blood flow into pulses, and the blood pulses are shunted through the petiole alternately by way of a switch mechanism.
(2) Young leaf tissues had much higher levels of glucosyltransferase activity than the petioles and internodes.
(3) The transcript is detectable in stem and petiole, but not in leaves.
(4) The epiglottic petiole, the false cords, the true cords, and one arytenoid are also excised, along with the paraglottic space.
(5) The narrow passage within the petiole between thorax and abdomen is anatomically constructed so that counter-current exchange should retain heat in the thorax despite blood flow to and from the cool abdomen.
(6) Linamarase (EC 3.2.1.21) was purified from cassava petiole, stem, and root cortex by ammonium sulfate precipitation, column chromatography on Sepharose 6B, and chromatofocusing.
(7) The tissue- and organ-specific overproduction of cytokinins produced a number of morphological and physiological changes, including stunting, loss of apical dominance, reduction in root initiation and growth, either acceleration or prolonged delayed senescence in leaves depending on the growth conditions, adventitious shoot formation from unwounded leaf veins and petioles, altered nutrient distribution, and abnormal tissue development in stems.
(8) The major tissue features of basal petioles and the external characteristics of the crude drugs have also been given.
(9) The occurrence of dispersal or nondispersal of P-protein bodies can be related to the position of the sieve elements in the stem or petiole.
(10) Many characters of leaf (hair, hypodermal cells, palisade layers, intercellular space, distinction between spongy and palisade parenchyma, "palisade ratio", distribution of collenchyma and sclerenchyma, presence or absence of starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, number, shape and arrangement of bundles of petiole) are useful distinguishing characters.
(11) In this paper, the Ainsliaea derivatives are studied to clarify the botanical origins; comparing anatomically with leaves and petioles of thirteen Ainsliaea species growing wildly in Sichuan prov.
(12) Glucan synthesis was achieved with an in vitro membrane fraction from the petioles of celery (Apium graveolens).
(13) Ethylene was found to have no influence on auxin transport in hypocotyls of Helianthus annuus and Phaseolus vulgaris; coleoptiles of Zea mays; petiole sections of Gossypium hirsutum, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Coleus blumei.
(14) GAST1 RNA is detectable in untreated leaves, stems, petioles and flowers, but not in roots.
(15) Their expression is also induced in leaf-petiole explants by high concentrations of sucrose.
(16) An uneven distribution of the coat protein antigens of beet necrotic yellow vein (BNYVV) and beet soil-borne (BSBV) viruses in tap roots of naturally infected sugarbeets and of BNYVV coat protein antigen in leaves and petioles of mechanically inoculated sugarbeet seedlings was detected by means of tissue print-immunoblotting.
(17) Arabidopsis plants stimulated by touch develop shorter petioles and bolts.
(18) This HC protein was found in leaf blade and vein tissue but not in the petiole of leaves.
(19) Regarding this new technique, the fibula works as a petiolated well vascular bone chip which bridges the joint.
(20) Raphides in petioles of Xanthosoma sagittifolium are needlelike crystals about 50 micrometers long.