What's the difference between hyoscine and scopolamine?
Hyoscine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) The actions of intravenous hyoscine butylbromide (Buscopan) and atropine sulphate on reduction of upper respiratory tract secretions during anaesthesia are compared.
(2) Circular muscle contractions due to nerveside are blocked by hexamethonium, nicotine, morphine, atropine and hyoscine.
(3) The baclofen response was antagonized by 5-aminovaleric acid (DAVA, 500 microM), TTX and hyoscine and resistant to GABAA-receptor and adrenoceptor blockade.
(4) Ninety-eight in-patients received halothane anaesthesia for dental surgery following intramuscular premedication with papavaretum and hyoscine.
(5) A high frequency of agitation and restlessness in patients receiving lorazepam and hyoscine make this combination undesirable for surgical premedication.
(6) A combination of hyoscine and MST premedication cannot be recommended, as it did not produce sedation, anxiolysis or antiemesis and hyoscine may have delayed morphine absorption.
(7) Galanthamine hydrobromide, an anticholinesterase drug capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, was used in a patient demonstrating central effects of scopolamine (hyoscine) overdosage.
(8) The 3-APS response was sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX; 1 microM), SR 95531 (a novel competitive GABAA-receptor antagonist) (10 microM), picrotoxinin (30 microM), and insensitive to hyoscine (1 microM) and to a combination of prazosin (1 microM) and propranolol (1 microM).
(9) The effects on cardiovascular changes during induction of anaesthesia and intubation of routine premedication with three different anticholinergic drugs, atropine, hyoscine, and glycopyrronium, were compared in a double blind trial.
(10) However, recent evidence suggests that the response to transdermal hyoscine treatment is variable and this may reflect pharmacokinetic differences between individuals.
(11) Hyoscine N-butyl-bromide, an anticholinergic drug, caused a dose-dependent reduction in both amplitude and frequency of burst-phase contractions.
(12) A double-blind controlled therapeutic trial of factorial design was used to study the therapeutic effects of lorazepam, hyoscine butylbromide, and ispaghula husk in 12 randomised blocks of eight patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
(13) Two colorimetric micromethods are described for the determination of atropine-hyoscyamine and hyoscine (scopolamine), using p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and citric acid-acetic anhydride as the color reagents.
(14) One of four groups of patients was not premedicated; the others received diazepam 10 mg by mouth, diazepam 20 mg by mouth or a combination of pentobarbitone orally and morphine and hyoscine intramuscularly.
(15) Following morphine, hyoscine and pentobarbitone premedication, anaesthesia was induced with diazepam 0.3 mg kg-1.
(16) The possible role of PGs in hyoscine-resistant nerve mediated responses of the rat urinary bladder was investigated.
(17) The hyoscine group required fewer doses of antiemetic than the placebo group (12 vs 27; P less than 0.05).
(18) Transdermal hyoscine (Scopoderm, Ciba-Geigy) has been compared with placebo in 283 female patients.
(19) On the indirectly stimulated isolated rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation all drugs with the exception of hyoscine caused potentiation of responses to low frequency stimulation but partial block of responses to high frequency stimulation.
(20) Bath-applied acetylcholine and vagal stimulation each caused membrane hyperpolarizations which were abolished by hyoscine.