(n.) An alkaloid found in henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and regarded as its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste. Hyoscyamine is isomeric with atropine, is very poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like belladonna. Called also hyoscyamia, duboisine, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) They received either glycopyrronium, or 1-hyoscyamine in a sustained-release form, or inert tablets for one year.
(2) The long-lasting decrease and increase in sinus rate were abolished by 1-hyoscyamine and propranolol respectively, and both were reduced by tetrodotoxin.
(3) Two colorimetric micromethods are described for the determination of atropine-hyoscyamine and hyoscine (scopolamine), using p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and citric acid-acetic anhydride as the color reagents.
(4) Its use in separating optical isomers of dl-scopolamine, dl-hyoscyamine, dl-homatropine, and dl-cocaine is discussed.
(5) Phenthonium (10-50 microM), a quaternary derivative of 1-hyoscyamine, increases the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (2-5 fold) and blocks the nicotinic receptor-ionic channel in skeletal muscles.
(6) A new method for separation and determination of four important tropane alkaloids (hyoscyamine, scopolamine, anisodamine and anisodine) in crude drugs by micellar HPLC was developed.
(7) Columns (10 cm) filled with silical gel (particle size, 5 mum; pore size, 1000 A) show the best performance in the separation of hyoscyamine, scopolamine and ergotamine as picrate ion-pairs.
(8) Except for the more frequent reporting of dry mouth with L-hyoscyamine, side effects were not different among the groups.
(9) Diastereomeric urethane derivatives of atropine (d,l-hyoscyamine) and l-hyoscyamine were prepared by reacting the alkaloids with (-)-1-phenylethylisocyanate.
(10) In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study, the pharmacokinetics and some clinically important pharmacodynamic effects of intramuscular atropine (dl-hyoscyamine) were studied in 6 healthy male volunteers.
(11) This study compared the effects of glucagon (N = 48), L-hyoscyamine (N = 43), and placebo (N = 45) on gastric and duodenal distension, mucosal coating, and patient tolerance.
(12) L-Hyoscyamine provided gastric and duodenal images equal in quality to glucagon.
(13) The plasma concentrations of l-hyoscyamine were analyzed by radioreceptor assay (RRA) and the plasma concentrations of dl-hyoscyamine by radioimmunoassay (RIA).
(14) A simplified method for the quantitative analysis of hyoscyamine hydrobromide or atropine in Belladonna Tincture USP is described.
(15) This might at least partly explain the advantage of combining 1-hyoscyamine and an oxime with diazepam in intoxications with anticholinesterases.
(16) Tropine (tropan-3 alpha-ol) is an intermediate in the formation of hyoscyamine.
(17) The concentrations of d-hyoscyamine calculated from the dl- and l-hyoscyamine concentrations reached maximum between 1 and 2 h after drug injection.
(18) The renal excretion of l-hyoscyamine occurred mostly in 6 h (34% of the dose) and no conjugated drug forms were detected.
(19) By injecting the optical antipodes of atropine, D- and L-hyoscyamine separately in mice and following their kinetics in different parts of the brain it was possible to separate the specific receptor binding of the active antipode L-hyoscyamine from that of the inactive antipode D-hyoscyamine, representing unspecific binding.
(20) The assay is more selective for scopolamine (percent cross-reactions for hyoscyamine = 0.21%, 6-hydroxy-hyoscyamine = 0.17%) than previously reported immunoassays.
Pain
Definition:
(n.) Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty.
(n.) Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart.
(n.) Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.
(n.) To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish.
(n.) To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him.
(n.) To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a child's faults pain his parents.
Example Sentences:
(1) Experience of pain is modified by intern and extern influences, and it can appear very multiformly in the chronicity.
(2) All subjects completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, which measures the use and perceived effectiveness of a variety of cognitive and behavioral coping strategies in controlling and decreasing pain.
(3) Although solely nociresponsive neurons are clearly likely to fill a role in the processing and signalling of pain in the conscious central nervous system, the way in which such useful specificity could be conveyed by multireceptive neurons is difficult to appreciate.
(4) Sixteen patients were operated on for lumbar pain and pain radiating into the sciatic nerve distribution.
(5) Needle acupuncture did, however, increase the pain threshold compared with the initial value (alpha = 0.1%).
(6) Pain is not reported in the removal area, the clinical examinations show identical findings on both patellar tendons, X-ray and ultrasound evaluations do not demonstrate any change in patellar position.
(7) For assessment of clinical status, investigators must rely on the use of standardized instruments for patient self-reporting of fatigue, mood disturbance, functional status, sleep disorder, global well-being, and pain.
(8) However, as the plan unravels, Professor Marcus's team turn on one another, with painfully (if painfully funny) results.
(9) During the chronic phase, pain was assessed using visual analogue scales at 8 AM and 4 PM daily.
(10) Symptoms, particularly colicky abdominal pain, improved during the period of chelation therapy.
(11) Cook, who has postbox-red hair and a painful-looking piercing in his lower lip, was now on stage in discussion with four fellow YouTubers, all in their early 20s.
(12) The main clinical symptom was pain, usually sciatica, while neurological symptoms were less common than they are in adults.
(13) The study revealed that hypophysectomy and ventricular injection of AVP dose dependently raised pain threshold and these effects were inhibited by naloxone.
(14) Anxious mood and other symptoms of anxiety were commonly seen in patients with chronic low back pain.
(15) During these delays, medical staff attempt to manage these often complex and painful conditions with ad hoc and temporizing measures,” write the doctors.
(16) In this study, a potassium nitrate-polycarboxylate cement was used as a liner and was found clinically to tend to preserve pulpal vitality and significantly eliminate or decrease postoperative pain.
(17) The successful treatment of the painful neuroma remains an elusive surgical goal.
(18) Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated previous LBP or back pain in another location of the spine were strongly associated with LBP during the study year.
(19) Our previous study demonstrated that acupuncture increased pain threshold of the body, especially in the inflammatory area.
(20) The triad of epigastric pain unrelieved by antacids, bilious vomiting, and weight loss, particularly after a gastric operation should make one suspect this syndrome.