(n.) A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; -- the opposite of atrophy.
Example Sentences:
(1) We conclude that chronic emphysema produced in dogs by aerosol administration of papain results in elevated pulmonary artery pressure, which is characterized pathologically by medial hypertrophy of small pulmonary arteries.
(2) The severity and site of hypertrophy is important in determining the clinical picture and the natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
(3) A NYHA-class greater than II was observed in 18% of patients with type-I hypertrophy, in 29% with type II, but in 61% with type III (p less than or equal to 0.05).
(4) All patients with localized subaortic hypertrophy had left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass or posterior wall thickness greater than 2 SD from normal) with a normal size cavity due to aortic valve disease (2 patients were also hypertensive).
(5) Light microscopy of both apneics and snorers revealed mucous gland hypertrophy with ductal dilation and focal squamous metaplasia, disruption of muscle bundles by infiltrating mucous glands, focal atrophy of muscle fibers, and extensive edema of the lamina propria with vascular dilation.
(6) However, in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) cases, a high false positive rate of 41% was observed in Americans.
(7) We conclude that aging alone has little or no effect on the responsiveness to insulin of glucose metabolism in fat cells and that the insulin resistance of adipocytes from obese older rats is due to fat cell hypertrophy, not aging.
(8) Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica - an epiphyseal developmental disturbance of the skeleton - is combined with exostose-like, tumor-simulating cartilaginous hypertrophy of bone tissue, mainly located at the epiphyses of the lower extremities and at the tarsal bones.
(9) Hypertrophy is restricted to subdivisions of the inferior olive included in recurrent cerebello-mesencephalic-olivary circuits.
(10) Renal hypertrophy was induced in mice by injection of testosterone.
(11) Contribution of proliferation and hypertrophy of the epitheliocytes to the growth and regeneration of the rat parathyroid glands was estimated using organo- and cytometry, cytophotometry of DNA content in the nuclei and determination of mitotic index.
(12) Ultrastructurally, the atrial myocardial cells in all three patients were hypertrophied, and two patients had evidence of focal cell degeneration; the atrium was markedly dilated, but atrial arrhythmias were not noted.
(13) When the same dose of ISO was administered to rats with aortic constriction the rise in labelled Ca uptake by the hypertrophied myocardium of the left ventricle was greatly reduced.
(14) Golgi complex hypertrophy follows fertilization, and this increased activity continues throughout early embryogenesis.
(15) We studied DNA (mtDNA) replication in adult female rat hearts undergoing hypertrophy secondary to constriction of the ascending aorta.
(16) Four hours after infusion, the animals displayed a clinical and pathological pattern which closely resembled post-traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome, including hypoxia, hypocarbia, thrombocytopenia, increased pulmonary capillary permeability to albumin, interstitial edema, hypertrophy of alveolar lining cells, and intra-alveolar hemorrhage.
(17) Twenty-one of the 22 patients showed systolic anterior movement of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve on a cineangiogram and the papillary muscles and left ventricular wall were moderately to severely hypertrophied in 18 patients.
(18) Persisting diastolic dysfunction with a substantial rise in left ventricular filling pressure can be observed during dynamic exercise in postoperative patients with preoperative severe pressure overload hypertrophy.
(19) Water restriction of HYD birds for 5 days as adults stimulated tubule hypertrophy but not to the same extent as the chronic regimen and with no evidence for hyperplasia.
(20) The diagnosis was considered established, when the patient had a significant left intraventricular pressure gradient (LIPG) and by angiographic and or echocardiographic demonstration of systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve and asymmetric septal hypertrophy.
Macroglossia
Definition:
(n.) Enlargement or hypertrophy of the tongue.
Example Sentences:
(1) In addition to a survey of differential diagnoses to be considered in cases of macroglossia, rare general disorders connected with macroglossia are pointed out.
(2) In addition to the macroglossia, the typical facial signs of this syndrome such as capillary haemangioma of the glabella, soft tissue folds under the eyes and linear indentations of the ear lobes are demonstrable.
(3) The oral ability to recognize forms and oral motor ability were studied by means of two specific tests in 27 subjects, 10 to 23 years of age, before and after tongue reduction because of macroglossia.
(4) The frontal protrusion is corrected by osteotomy, the vertical and anteroposterior facial disproportion by bimaxillary procedures, the nasal deformity by rhinoplasty or skull bone grafting, and the macroglossia by tongue resection.
(5) A case of macroglossia following neck clipping of VA-PICA aneurysm is described.
(6) The orofacial myologist should be alert to the presence of possible pathology of the tongue during orofacial examination, and refer suspected instances of macroglossia to an appropriate medical resource for definitive diagnosis and treatment.
(7) Based on normal measurements it was concluded that macroglossia is present if the tongue is wider than 50 mm and the genioglossus wider than 11 mm.
(8) Nine patients with symptomatic macroglossia, 3 with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 3 with Down's syndrome, and 3 with lymphatic malformation of the tongue, were evaluated for postoperative improvement following partial glossectomy.
(9) It is suggested that the triad of intrauterine growth retardation, macroglossia, and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus constitutes a distinct clinical entity.
(10) From the analysis of individual cases it results that muscular idiopathic hypertrophy is the most recurrent cause of macroglossia.
(11) This phenotype includes retrognathia, relative macroglossia, and cleft palate.
(12) The main clinical and radiological signs may be summarized as follows: growth at lower limits of normal; poor facial expression; round, flat face with high, broad forehead, fine, highly arched eyebrows, pseudohyperthelorism, microphthalmia, flat, broad bridged nose, hypoplasia of the bony structures of the central area of the face, "fish mouth", macroglossia, micrognathia; short neck; marked dextroconvex lumbar scoliosis; psychomotor delay of mild degree; selective, more pronounced speech delay.
(13) The present investigation examines the natural history of the macroglossia associated with a case of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and its influence on dentofacial development.
(14) They present the procedure of the diagnosis and differential diagnosis for this patient, they emphasize their conclusions (considerations) and make comments on the coexistence or correlation of macroglossia with amyloidosis.
(15) We present a case of macroglossia secondary to amyloidosis causing obstructive sleep apnea that was successfully treated with low pressures of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (5 cm of water).
(16) Prevalence proved significantly high, particularly as regards joint crepitus, reduced mandibular mobility, pain in the masticatory muscles and macroglossia.
(17) Macroglossia can cause a wide spectrum of problems in the pediatric population.
(18) We describe five cases of macroglossia in patients with posterior fossa disease and suggest that the primary mechanism is neurogenically determined rather than one of vascular obstruction or local trauma.
(19) We describe a patient who presented with macroglossia and was found to have a necrotizing vasculitis with giant cells on lingual biopsy.
(20) Intra-oral extensions were detected in five and three of these caused macroglossia resulting in partial respiratory obstruction.