(n.) One who hypothecates or pledges anything as security for the repayment of money borrowed.
Example Sentences:
(1) Mere hypothecation, scoff politicians, rejecting the idea again in parliament yesterday.
(2) Full-blooded hypothecation would in theory dodge some of these weaknesses.
(3) We have found that nocodazole reversibly inhibits nuclear migration and can be used to induce karyokinesis before the completion of nuclear migration, resulting in spindles that are displaced toward the hypothecal end of the cell.
(4) In that package you put out this week for instance, the spending cuts to benefits are hypothecated towards childcare payments.
(5) "Funded by a hypothecated tax, the BBC feels empowered to offer something for everyone, even in areas well served by the market.
(6) In order to be able to claim it would be revenue-neutral – a kind of reverse hypothecation – a 0.3% cut in employers' national insurance contributions was made at the same time.
(7) That’s the reality, however passionately we might think this is the right solution, but certainly when Labour was in government and we did the penny on NI [national insurance] for the NHS, it was a semi-hypothecation to say it’s going to go on this specifically.
(8) The shadow treasurer, Chris Bowen, said the budget leak was a “desperate attempt to cover for the fact the Government will be adopting, in full, Labor’s policy on tobacco excise.” “Labor’s tobacco excise policy was fully and independently costed by the Parliamentary Budget Office.” “Labor has never directly hypothecated the revenue from tobacco excise for schools spending.
(9) The government has also hypothecated the savings from the cuts to family tax benefits as a way to “pay” for a $3.5bn childcare shake-up that was the centrepiece of this year’s budget.
(10) NI itself started as a hypothecated tax or "contribution" to fund social security including pensions (though not the NHS).
(11) There is a whisper that the government is considering a reprise of its previous increase of National Insurance rates, hypothecated for the NHS.
(12) The last time the debate about hypothecation captured attention was back in the 1990s, when Labour was struggling to assert its economic competence.
(13) Hypothecated taxes, as economists call them (deriving from the Greek hypotithenai, meaning "to give as pledge"), are usually opposed by finance ministries because they reduce central control.
(14) He refused to confirm that the £1bn funding will come from a squeeze on tax credits, arguing that no tax raising measure is hypothecated in this exact way.
(15) This would require some general taxation but could be gradually built up with more money from hypothecated taxes associated with health and consumption of care.
(16) British taxes are not hypothecated and he might as well say mansion tax is to pay for Trident submarines, but he has “promised” it to the NHS.
(17) The Treasury would hate this hypothecated tax, but it might just focus minds enough to kickstart a rational debate over the cost, funding and provision of modern healthcare.
(18) This would be seen as a particularly radical step because it would be a form of hypothecation – allowing a stream of revenue to be directed at a particular project.
(19) But hypothecation with a purpose, looking after the country's long-term interests, building up a reserve that can, in line with strict rules ( Norway's cap on annual spending of its vast fund is just 4% a year ) provide an insurance for everyone in an uncertain future.
(20) First, tumors should grow better and be less immunogenic in certain F1 hybrids than in their syngeneic parents, owing to the hypothecated cross-reactivity of the tumor-specific transplantation antigens with F1 antigens.
Pledge
Definition:
(n.) The transfer of possession of personal property from a debtor to a creditor as security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract created between the debtor and creditor by a thing being so delivered or deposited, forming a species of bailment; also, that which is so delivered or deposited; something put in pawn.
(n.) A person who undertook, or became responsible, for another; a bail; a surety; a hostage.
(n.) A hypothecation without transfer of possession.
(n.) Anything given or considered as a security for the performance of an act; a guarantee; as, mutual interest is the best pledge for the performance of treaties.
(n.) A promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in writing to refrain from using intoxicating liquors or the like; as, to sign the pledge; the mayor had made no pledges.
(n.) A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a toast; a health.
(n.) To deposit, as a chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession of another as security; as, to pledge one's watch.
(n.) To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight; as, to pledge one's word and honor.
(n.) To secure performance of, as by a pledge.
(n.) To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly; as, to pledge one's self.
(n.) To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then handing it to him, as a pledge of good will; hence, to drink the health of; to toast.
Example Sentences:
(1) She was clearly elected on a pledge not to cut school funding and that’s exactly what is happening,” Corbyn said.
(2) The green fund contributions already announced (which include a $3bn pledge by the US and a $1.5bn pledge by Japan revealed during the G20 summit) “show very clearly that if we want the emerging countries and the more fragile countries to participate in this global growth, we have to ... support them,” Hollande said.
(3) Federal judges who blocked the bans cited harsh rhetoric employed by Trump on the campaign trail , specifically a pledge to ban all Muslims from entering the US and support for giving priority to Christian refugees, as being reflective of the intent behind his travel ban.
(4) Under pressure from many backbenchers, he has tightened planning controls on windfarms and pledged to "roll back" green subsidies on bills, leading to fears of dwindling support for the renewables industry.
(5) It also pledged support to a veterans’ group that rejected a request by a gay, lesbian and bisexual group to march in the St Patrick’s Day parade in Boston.
(6) We simply do whatever nature needs and will work with anyone that wants to help wildlife.” His views might come as a surprise to some of the RSPB’s 1.1 million members, who would have been persuaded by its original pledge “to discourage the wanton destruction of birds”; they would equally have been a surprise to the RSPB’s detractors in the shooting world.
(7) We are prepared to be honest with people and say that we will all need to chip in a little more.” The party’s health spokesman, Norman Lamb, said: “The NHS was once the envy of the world and this pledge is the first step in restoring it to where it should be.
(8) Royal Mail has pledged not to give Greene a large pay rise until after the current financial year, but the government's move follows Royal Mail chairman Donald Brydon telling the Daily Telegraph this week that Greene was the "lowest-paid chief executive in the FTSE 100" and that a rise in her pay was necessary to keep her.
(9) Well one of the things we have in common is we produce a lot of carbon … which means we’ve got to step up.” In the backrooms of the G20 meeting, Australia was continuing to resist language in the official communique encouraging countries to make pledges to the Green Climate Fund , but to a rousing reception at a local university, Obama announced the $3bn US commitment.
(10) Tim Farron has pledged to fight the next general election on a platform of taking the UK back into Europe .
(11) And when you said the pledge of allegiance in the morning, you had to look at those flags.
(12) But Sainsbury attacked government attempts to secure further pledges as a "total waste of time" given Pfizer's record of breaking promises in past takeovers.
(13) In a telling moment, 17 editors of both state and private newspapers collectively pledged in November to avoid criticising the state.
(14) Fenway, which also owns the Boston Red Sox baseball team, bought Liverpool for £300m in 2010 and pledged to return the club to the top of English football, following what was then a 20-year gap since the club last won the top flight.
(15) China INDC This would be “a key” to success of the UN climate talks, a French diplomatic official said, because the current national pledges won’t be enough to achieve the goal of keeping the rise in global temperatures below 2C between pre-industrial times and the end of the century.
(16) Climate change is also high on protesters’ and politicians’ agendas, and the German chancellor, Angela Merkel, called for the industrial powers to throw their weight behind a longstanding pledge to seek $100bn (£65bn) to help poor countries tackle climate change, agreed in Copenhagen in 2009.
(17) The party has also pledged to ensure that the wealthy make a greater contribution by restoring the 50p higher rate of income tax.
(18) Abbott's comments on Wednesday morning followed a pledge from Yudhoyono on Tuesday night to restore normal bilateral relations if Australia signed up to a new code of ethics on intelligence sharing.
(19) The media mogul said he had spoken "very carefully under oath" at the Leveson inquiry on Wednesday, when he had said that Brown had pledged to "declare war" on his company in a phone call made at around the time the Sun came out in support of the Conservative party, on 30 September of that year.
(20) "He has pledged to push for devolution of power to the north and east, and has said that the solution to the national question must have the agreement of all parties."