What's the difference between illogical and paralogism?

Illogical


Definition:

  • (a.) Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning; as, an illogical disputant; contrary of the rules of logic or sound reasoning; as, an illogical inference.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Through small and large acts of deprivation and destruction we follow the process: the removal of hope, of dignity, of luxury, of necessity, of self; the reduction of a man to a hoarder of grey slabs of bread and the scrapings of a soup bowl (wonderfully told all this, with a novelist's gift for detail and sometimes very nearly comic surprise), to the confinement of a narrow bed – in which there is "not even any room to be afraid" – with a stranger who doesn't speak your language, to the cruel illogicality of hating a fellow victim of oppression more than you hate the oppressor himself – one torment following another, and even the bleak comfort of thinking you might have touched rock bottom denied you as, when the most immediate cause of a particular stress comes to an end, "you are grievously amazed to see that another one lies behind; and in reality a whole series of others".
  • (2) There is a perfectly illogical explanation for it; polio drops are meant to make us impotent and these programmes are run by the same people who managed to locate Osama bin Laden by running another scam vaccination campaign.
  • (3) The sequester is about as illogical process as you could possibly conceive."
  • (4) She has also slammed the “illogical and outright offensive” language used by those against same-sex marriage.
  • (5) The defence secretary, Michael Fallon, said in July that there was “an illogicality” about striking Isis targets in Iraq but not in Syria.
  • (6) Several factors account for the relative ineffectiveness of family planning: some women abandon contraceptive methods for illogical reasons, especially after a traumatic event in their lives; sex education is still often insufficient; ignorance causes excessive fear of possible or imagined effects of contraceptives; part of the population is simply apathetic and irresponsible; finally, the availability of abortion may be a factor, although it is the worst method of birth control.
  • (7) Evidence that depressive thinking is especially inaccurate or illogical, however, is weak.
  • (8) But does he regret missing out on any parts because they seemed illogical when he read the script?
  • (9) The sum of illogical thinking and loose associations was a reliable kappa = 0.77), sensitive (79%), and specific (90%) indicator of schizophrenia in this sample.
  • (10) On the other hand, the discrepancies and absurdities, appearing again and again in his poetic products, are due to his habit of taking dream and its illogical connections as a model.
  • (11) But it's a little illogical that, for offences under section 55 of the Data Protection Act (which might involve even more serious breaches of privacy) there is a public interest defence.
  • (12) It's illogical to think that people of a shared sexuality would also share politics.
  • (13) "It would be absolutely illogical for them not to do it," he said.
  • (14) Of these patients, 119 (78%) had been given psychotropic drugs (usually benzodiazepines), 81 (53%) obtained them on repeat prescription, and 47 (31%) had been prescribed multiple psychotropic drugs, often in seemingly illogical combinations.
  • (15) For very young spines posterior fusion is both illogical and harmful and it is essential that the growth of the front of the spine be arrested by multiple discectomy and end-plate excision.
  • (16) The author contends that the chaotic and illogical funding system for mental health services is primarily responsible for failure of the widespread implementation of demonstrably effective programs.
  • (17) Such an ill-informed and illogical standpoint is a worrying sign of ideologically driven obtuseness.
  • (18) I also love how she falls for Delphine: it's stupid and illogical but I love that."
  • (19) It appears that the NLRB's lack of familiarity with the health care industry and particularly with the day-to-day functioning of a hospital led it to search for touchstones such as the status of an RN or the certification of technicians that would enable it to make easy but illogical distinctions.
  • (20) Paris climate deal might just be enough to start turning the tide on global warming | Lenore Taylor Read more Jean Palutikof, who is director of national climate change adaptation research facility at Griffith University, said the CSIRO strategy of focusing on how Asutralia should adapt to and mitigate climate change, without studying what those changes were, was illogical.

Paralogism


Definition:

  • (n.) A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formulae; a formal fallacy, or pseudo-syllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Explanations of these results have included accelerated evolution in the snake lineage, paralogy rather than orthology, and faulty determination of the sequence, and the rattlesnake is now often omitted from cytochrome c phylogenetic trees.
  • (2) Analyses of silent and replacement site differences in the two exons of the paralogous and orthologous genes in each species indicate that common selective forces are acting on all five loci.
  • (3) Moreover, an analysis of paralogous human and mouse beta-tubulin sequences supported the conclusion that the synonymous substitution rates in the mouse were higher than those in the human.
  • (4) These eight sequences form a family of paralogous homologues.
  • (5) FV fragments, VH fragments and a paralog peptide that had been derived from a parent antibody with a specificity for hen lysozyme were produced.
  • (6) This screening resulted in the isolation of full length cDNAs for the chicken homolog of HOX4F (cognate of mouse Hox-4.6), which we have termed GHox-4.6, and the chicken homolog of human HOX1I, which we have named GHox-1i, a paralog of Hox-4.6 in the HOX 1 cluster.
  • (7) An evolutionary tree analysis revealed paralogous relationships between specific members of the rhesus and human V region families.
  • (8) Comparisons of nucleotide and amino acid sequences as well as the analysis of the structural organization of murine and human homeo box genes reveal strong paralogous relationships between genes in different clusters.
  • (9) Identical intron-exon structure and extensive sequence homology of their paired boxes suggest that several Pax genes represent paralogs.
  • (10) Possible orthologous and paralogous relationships were investigated.
  • (11) However, this pair of paralogous Alu family repeats is absent at the corresponding positions in rhesus macaques.
  • (12) The extrapolated date for the origin of the common ancestral small-subunit rRNA (3.6-4.7 x 10(9) years ago) is consistent with major rRNA lineages being paralogous.
  • (13) In a second phase symptoms were observed such as paralogism, echolalia, verbigeration, circumstantiality, neologism, hypotonic thinking, perseveration, blocking.
  • (14) We propose a phylogeny of the creatine kinase genes in the lower chordates based on the time of appearance of new CK loci, the sequence in which the loci achieve a tissue restricted expression, and the immunochemical relatedness of the orthologous and paralogous gene products.
  • (15) Sequence data show that the immunoglobulins evolved from two sets of paralogous genes: a gene set coding for the V regions and another for the different C regions.
  • (16) The FV column had excellent specificity for hen lysozyme, the VH column had significantly reduced specificity and the paralog peptide column did not bind lysozyme at all.
  • (17) Southern hybridization analysis showed that the segments are paralogous, not allelic.
  • (18) The mechanism of character transference through paralogical conclusions required for this shows parallels to the logic schizophrenia.
  • (19) Models to account for the difference in similarity between the coding genes were tested by orthologous and paralogous comparisons of the extent of sequence divergence.
  • (20) This report describes the construction of a representative set of paratope analogs, or "paralogs," which can be conjugated to a chromatographic sorbent to combine desirable characteristics of traditional high-performance liquid chromatography columns with the specificity of a moderate affinity antibody.