What's the difference between imide and succinimide?
Imide
Definition:
(n.) A compound with, or derivative of, the imido group; specif., a compound of one or more acid radicals with the imido group, or with a monamine; hence, also, a derivative of ammonia, in which two atoms of hydrogen have been replaced by divalent basic or acid radicals; -- frequently used as a combining form; as, succinimide.
Example Sentences:
(1) An analysis of the copper absorption observed with the oxidized enzyme and a comparison with that for Cu(II)(imid)4 suggests that the copper is not simply ligated to four imidazoles.
(2) Comparative studies on the biodegradability of amides and imides are presented.
(3) Deamidation of Asn residues can occur either by direct hydrolysis of the Asn residue or via a cyclic imide intermediate.
(4) This inhibition was not observed when 5'-adenosine(beta, gamma-imide) triphosphate blocks inhibition by ATP.
(5) In contrast, the equilibrium and kinetic properties of proline imide bond isomerization, believed to be involved in the slow folding reactions, are largely independent of pH.
(6) All the other drugs enhanced aggressive behaviour to varying degrees but proved to be less potent than IMID in inducing mounting, and clonidine reduced mounting at all the doses tested.
(7) Carbodi-imide inhibited the cellulase, and kinetic analysis indicated that there was an average of 1 mol of carbodi-imide binding to the cellulase during inactivation.
(8) This study also highlights the importance of internal cross-link formation, which can occur by intramolecular nucleophilic attack, a process that has often been overlooked by investigators employing carbodi-imide modification of carboxylate groups in proteins.
(9) A chemiluminescent aryl acridinium ester was synthesized which possesses an imidate ester group capable of reacting with proteins under mild conditions.
(10) The haem group was identified as a site of reaction with the carbodi-imide, and is as a consequence covalently linked to the peptide by a bond in addition to the thioether bonds normally present.
(11) Naphthylhydrazides and arylhydrazides, used as the labels, were incorporated via their imidate or their succinimide esters.
(12) Analysis of the mass spectra of many of these showed that three side reactions can occur: (1) methylation of the imide carbonyl group; (2) addition of methanol or water to the vinyl substituent; (3) transmethylation of the ethoxycarbonyl group.
(13) A water-soluble carbodi-imide [1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodi-imide methotoluene-p-sulphonate], referred to as carbodi-imide reagent, and glycine methyl ester were used to modify the free carboxyl groups of the membrane.
(14) Inhibitors of lysosomal acidification (4,4'-di-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonate, NN'-dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, NH4Cl and methylamine hydrochloride) did not alter cystine egress or countertransport in polymorphonuclear-leucocyte lysosome-rich granular fractions at pH 7.0.
(15) It is concluded that dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by reacting covalently with a group on this chloroform-methanol-soluble protein.
(16) The structure of the pigment has been studied by chromate degradation followed by identification of the imide products by thin-layer chromatography.
(17) Both INDO and IMID improved effective hepatic blood flow in the septic animals to virtually sham, nonseptic levels without significantly altering systemic hemodynamics.
(18) Their solution stability was shown to be compromised compared to 3-methylglutarimide (3-MG) and other imides.
(19) the cross-linked complexes can be split at the band originating from the imidate group by treatment with ammonia.
(20) An amide bond was first formed between the free carboxy group of the retinoid and a primary amino group of aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B, by reaction with carbodi-imide, and the ester group of the resin-bound retinoid was then hydrolysed in an alkaline medium.
Succinimide
Definition:
(n.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, C2H4.(CO)2.NH, obtained by treating succinic anhydride with ammonia gas. It is a typical imido acid, and forms a series of salts. See Imido acid, under Imido.
Example Sentences:
(1) CCK-8 was acylated with the iodinated aryl azide derivatives, methyl-3-azido-4-hydroxy-5-[125I]iodobenzimidate and N-[4-(4'-azido-3'-[125I]iodophenylazo)benzoyl]-3-aminopropionyl-N- oxy- succinimide.
(2) The presence of aspartic acid and asparagine residues in other conformations, such as those in partially denatured, conformationally flexible regions, may lead to more rapid succinimide formation and contribute to the degradation of the molecule.
(3) In the cases studied, use of this base did not cause cyclization of Asp(OBut)-Gly or Asn-Gly sequence to succinimide derivatives.
(4) The enzymatically produced alpha-methyl ester of [iso-Asp3]tetragastrin, [iso-Asp(OMe)3]tetragastrin, is unstable at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C and spontaneously demethylates with a half-time of 41 min to an intermediate L-succinimide form ([Asu3]tetragastrin) that, in turn, spontaneously hydrolyzes with a half time of 116 min to give a mixture of normal tetragastrin (20%) and [iso-Asp3]tetragastrin (80%).
(5) Deamidation and isomerization are known to occur via succinimide ring formation of labile asparagine residues.
(6) N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) is an agricultural fungicide which has been shown to induce acute tubular necrosis.
(7) These orientations also represent energy minimum states, and it appears that this factor may account for a low rate of spontaneous damage to proteins by succinimide-linked reactions.
(8) Naphthylhydrazides and arylhydrazides, used as the labels, were incorporated via their imidate or their succinimide esters.
(9) N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) has proven to be an effective experimental agricultural fungicide.
(10) Enzyme-labeled antigen was prepared by conjugation of synthetic BNP with beta-D-galactosidase using N-(epsilon-maleimidocaproyloxy)succinimide method.
(11) Oxidative cyclization of 2',3'-O-isopropylideneadenosines to the corresponding 5'-O,8-cyclo-2',3'-O-isopropylideneadenosines was achieved by using by lead tetraacetate, cupric chloride, and N-halogeno-succinimide as an oxidant, and by irradiation with a uv-visible light in the presence of pyrimido[5,4-g]pteridinetetrone 5-oxide.
(12) Casein was modified by use of a series of active N-hydroxy-succinimide esters of amino acids in order to study the effects of new covalently linked hydrophobic or hydrophilic groups on its physical and nutritional properties.
(13) Currents evoked by applications of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to acutely dissociated thalamic neurones were analysed by voltage-clamp techniques, and the effects of the anticonvulsant succinimides ethosuximide (ES) and alpha-methyl-alpha-phenylsuccinimide (MPS) and the convulsants tetramethylsuccinimide (TMS), picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), and bicuculline methiodide were assessed.
(14) The derivative was coupled to digoxigenin-3-0-methylcarbonyl-epsilon-aminocaproic acid-N-hydroxy-succinimide ester.
(15) Ovine prolactin (oPRL) was conjugated with the N-hydroxy-succinimide ester derivative of the fluorochrome 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid.
(16) A series of aryl bicyclic analogs of succinimide and glutarimide was prepared and evaluated for CNS depressant activity.
(17) The reaction of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal (compound 2) with unlabeled and labeled bromine chloride (compounds 1a and 1b) generated in situ from the oxidation of bromide with N-chloro-succinimide gave unlabeled and labeled 2-deoxy-2-bromo-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl chloride (compounds 3a and 3b) with a radiochemical yield of 58% (chemical yield, 63%).
(18) In the myoclonic encephalopathies of childhood (the so-called "minor motor epilepsy" or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome), which are notoriously refractory to therapy, sulthiame appears to be an efficacious adjunct to currently-used agents, including benzodiazepines, succinimides, dipropyl acetate, steriods and a ketogenic diet.
(19) In spite of their agonist properties on the ileum, the succinimides studied were agonists, partial agonists or competitive antagonists on the urinary bladder.
(20) A novel heterogeneous bifunctional reagent containing an ester bond, N-[[4-(2-maleimidoethoxy)-succinyl]oxy]succinimide (MESS), was designed and synthesized for the conjugation of antibodies with the gallium-67 (67Ga) chelate of succinyldeferoxamine (SDF) via the ester bond.