What's the difference between imply and presume?

Imply


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To infold or involve; to wrap up.
  • (v. t.) To involve in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by construction of law, when not include virtually; as, war implies fighting.
  • (v. t.) To refer, ascribe, or attribute.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Our results suggest that the peripheral sensitivity to hypoxia declined more than that to CO2, implying a peripheral chemoreceptor origin for hypoxic ventilatory decline.
  • (2) The extreme quenching of the dioxetane chemiluminescence by both microsomes and phosphatidylcholine, as a model phospholipid, implies that despite the low quantum yield (approx.
  • (3) The number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) producing IgM (spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated) at the end of a seven day culture period was similar in PBC patients and control subjects while the amount of IgM synthesized (spontaneous and PWM stimulated) during this period was significantly greater in the patient group, implying that the amount of IgM produced per B cell was increased in PBC.
  • (4) The minimal change in gel fiber size caused by slow A release implies that fibrin fiber size is primarily a function of ionic environment and not of the sequence of peptide release.
  • (5) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
  • (6) This implies that the epitope(s) of NNA-PLA2 might comprise some substituted residues in the sequence of PLA2 homologues.
  • (7) This light microscopic comparison of viable FDA- and nonviable PI-stained cysts of G. muris demonstrates that 2 types of cysts can be distinguished and implies that structural differences can be used to identify these subpopulations of cysts.
  • (8) Interestingly, different mechanisms of nucleated and non-nucleated TC directed lysis by CD4+ effectors were implied by distinct patterns of sensitivity to cholera toxin (CT) and cyclosporin A (CsA).
  • (9) This implies that these proteins are quantitatively absorbed from the peritoneum without undergoing modifications.
  • (10) These findings imply that if bleeding occurs following revascularization, in addition to the use of replacement blood products, treatment should be directed at reducing the consumptive coagulopathy and inhibiting fibrinolysis.
  • (11) The use of multifactorial experiment design, a model of infectious processes and immunomodulators alone or in combination with antibiotics is implied.
  • (12) The contents of magnesium, potassium and zinc plasma did not correlate with the corresponding concentrations in skeletal muscle or circulating blood cells, as investigated in healthy controls, diabetics and in all subjects together, implying that the plasma concentrations are not useful in the assessment of electrolyte status.
  • (13) Such cell-staining capacities of the carbohydrate directed antibodies imply the importance of glycoconjugate carbohydrates as cancer cell phenotypes.
  • (14) This also implies that both tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption are susceptible to competition between similar substrates for a common carrier site.
  • (15) For a subgroup of eight patients with postoperative MPAP greater than 30 mm Hg (at pH 7.35 to 7.40), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) also significantly increased (p less than 0.05) as PaCO2 was increased, implying a direct pulmonary vasodilating effect of alkalosis.
  • (16) Demonstration of low levels of Pit-1 expression in Ames dwarf (df) mice implies that both Pit-1 and df expression may be required for pituitary differentiation.
  • (17) These data imply an essential role for Th cells, activated by DC as antigen-presenting cells (APC), in changing H-Y-nonresponder bm12 mice into H-Y responders.
  • (18) The present findings imply that patients in whom an apparent cure has been brought about by conservative treatment may harbor latent malignancy.
  • (19) These latter cardiovascular changes imply that the endotracheal pressure variations are the reflection of authentic inspiratory movements under the influence of the central nervous system.
  • (20) The relatively high HI titres observed, particularly in adults, imply that antigenic restimulation of antibody against measles occurs and thus that coverage by immunization remains inadequate.

Presume


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained.
  • (v. t.) To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for granted; to infer; to suppose.
  • (v. i.) To suppose or assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to believe by anticipation; to infer; as, we may presume too far.
  • (v. i.) To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties; -- often with on or upon before the ground of confidence.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) With aging, the blood vessel wall becomes hyperreactive--presumably because of an augmented vasoconstrictor and a reduced vasodilator responsiveness.
  • (2) Four of the 39 ticks in our colony were infected with a spirochete; presumably, Borrelia crocidurae.
  • (3) In the stage 24 chick embryo, a paced increase in heart rate reduces stroke volume, presumably by rate-dependent decrease in passive filling.
  • (4) Trichostatin C is presumably the first example of a glucopyranosyl hydroxamate from nature.
  • (5) 3) The first who presumed an independent state of these microorganisms, was Kohlert (1968), from the work of which the epithet for correct name, i.e.
  • (6) Recently, we have designed a series of simplified artificial signal sequences and have shown that a proline residue in the signal sequence plays an important role in the secretion of human lysozyme in yeast, presumably by altering the conformation of the signal sequence [Yamamoto, Y., Taniyama, Y., & Kikuchi, M. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 2728-2732].
  • (7) Though three of these presumable metabolites could slightly inhibit the binding of [3H]-KW-3049, they were not detected in rat and dog plasma at 0.5 h after oral administration of KW-3049.
  • (8) However, since CR3 does not recognize a hexapeptide containing RGD, we presume that residues beyond the RGD triplet contribute to binding.
  • (9) Since alkaline phosphatase, a glycoprotein, is not affected, the destruction is selective and presumably involves only the most exposed membrane components.
  • (10) Eighty four colorectal cancer patients who underwent presumably curative surgery were considered as candidates for control recurrence study.
  • (11) 5% of the degradation resulted from enzymatic activity in the culture medium, presumably due to secretion of proteolytic enzymes by the cells.
  • (12) The larger accumulation of Mn2+ than of Sr2+ in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is ascribed to the operation of a specific extrusion pump, presumably a Ca2+ pump, which has a higher affinity for Sr2+ than for Mn2+.
  • (13) Altering the time of PMA exposure demonstrated that PMA inhibited chondrocyte phenotypic expression, rather than cell commitment: early (0-48 h) exposure to PMA (during chondrocytic commitment in vitro) had little inhibitory effect on the staining index, whereas, exposure from 49-96 h (presumably post-commitment) and 0-96 h had moderate and strong inhibitory effects, respectively, on cartilage synthesis.
  • (14) In the terminal segment of the hamster epididymidis there was some evidence of micro-merocrine protein secretion a the level of the principal cells and clear evidence of granular secretion in the light cells, presumable of glycoproteins.
  • (15) The authors have considered an endocrine mechanism as the possible cause of these pathological changes which are presumed to be genetically conditioned.
  • (16) Presumable this medium was modified repeatedly after its introduction in bacteriology in 1918 by Gassner.
  • (17) Exposure had no effect on synaptically mediated facilitation or on late inhibition which is presumably associated with calcium-activated increases in potassium conductance.
  • (18) Treatment of bacterial cells with inhibitors of gyrase at high concentration leads to relaxation of DNA supercoils, presumably through interference with the supercoiling activity of gyrase.
  • (19) Compared with Sheehan's series in England, it was found the incidence of post-partum hypopituitarism in Okayama was presumably less than in England.
  • (20) In addition, we have shown that long-lived, presumably non-senescent, strains do not arise by suppressor mutation, but lose senescence plasmid DNA by another mechanism.