What's the difference between indebtedness and obligation?

Indebtedness


Definition:

  • (n.) The state of being indebted.
  • (n.) The sum owed; debts, collectively.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The residents reported that time demands and indebtedness were the major sources of stress in their residency programs.
  • (2) The extent to which indebtedness is holding back households, and possibly a return to consumer demand is also underlined.
  • (3) Instead, perhaps now there is a chance for a debate about the changes that are needed: a lasting industrial strategy, for example; a rebalancing and move away from our over-reliance on financial services; a re-evaluation of tax advantages encouraging indebtedness; real change to income distribution.
  • (4) House officers with extreme indebtedness (greater than $80,000) who are training in an expensive metropolitan area would accumulate an overall deficit approaching $75,000 or more, in excess of their undergraduate indebtedness, during a 5-year residency program.
  • (5) According to a new report from an influential thinktank, the Resolution Foundation, even in the most optimistic scenario – in which interest rates rise slowly to 3% by 2018 and economic growth is strong and well-distributed between the rich and poor – 1.12 million homeowners will be spending more than half of their take-home pay on mortgage repayments – this is a widely accepted indicator of over-indebtedness.
  • (6) Two explanations emerge: the first is over-indebtedness.
  • (7) Discriminant functions analyses of data from the 1983 survey of senior medical students by the Association of American Medical Colleges showed that the effects of scholarships must be taken into account when assessing the influence of indebtedness on medical students' career choices.
  • (8) Student indebtedness upon graduation from optometry school has long been cited as the major factor influencing practice mode choice.
  • (9) After all, if multiple borrowing is leading to over-indebtedness – and borrowers are struggling with repayments – lenders are likely to employ harsh collection tactics to cover their liabilities (leaving their clients to default on someone else’s loan).
  • (10) "Vulnerabilities associated with the indebtedness of some euro-area sovereigns and banks have resulted in severe strains in bank funding markets and financial markets more generally.
  • (11) Responding to the review, the chancellor conceded that Britain must keep a close eye on rising house prices and indebtedness, but welcomed the IMF's overall endorsement.
  • (12) Greenberg (1980) proposed that the magnitude of indebtedness (I) was a function of the recipient's benefits (B) from the aid attempt plus the donor's costs (C).
  • (13) Finally, we need to recognise market imperfections and the risk of over-indebtedness, which is exacerbated by the ready availability of credit from multiple organisations.
  • (14) Indebtedness was found not to be a predictor of willingness to locate in a socioeconomically deprived area.
  • (15) The shameful destruction of New Orleans, the Wall Street crash of 2008 and growing indebtedness to China, the collapse of so many industries and the shrill ideological divisions in Congress over monetary and fiscal policy can all be traced to habits ingrained in the Reagan years when the notion took hold that "the government is not the solution to our problems; the government is the problem".
  • (16) Denmark The continuing adjustment in the housing market and the high level of indebtedness in the household and private sector as well as drivers of external competitiveness, deserve continued attention.
  • (17) Doubly ironic that he makes no mention of the rise in personal indebtedness due to the fall in living standards over which he’s presided and the consequent threat to the economy posed by the impact of the inevitable eventual rise in interest rates.
  • (18) In this study the authors explored the relationship between medical students' expected indebtedness and their career choice.
  • (19) Popular audiences, who had never much cared for Allen (despite his earlier pictures' indebtedness to Bob Hope), took him to their hearts more warmly than before or since.
  • (20) Rapidly increasing demand for food parcels is driven by long-term problems of low income, indebtedness, and rising food prices.

Obligation


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of obligating.
  • (n.) That which obligates or constrains; the binding power of a promise, contract, oath, or vow, or of law; that which constitutes legal or moral duty.
  • (n.) Any act by which a person becomes bound to do something to or for anouther, or to forbear something; external duties imposed by law, promise, or contract, by the relations of society, or by courtesy, kindness, etc.
  • (n.) The state of being obligated or bound; the state of being indebted for an act of favor or kindness; as, to place others under obligations to one.
  • (n.) A bond with a condition annexed, and a penalty for nonfulfillment. In a larger sense, it is an acknowledgment of a duty to pay a certain sum or do a certain things.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) However, he has also insisted that North Korea live up to its own commitments, adhere to its international obligations and deal peacefully with its neighbours.
  • (2) Shorten said any arrangement needed to be consistent with international obligations, with asylum seekers afforded due process and their claims properly assessed.
  • (3) And this has opened up a loophole for businesses to be morally bankrupt, ignoring the obligations to its workforce because no legal conduct has been established.” Whatever the outcome of the pending lawsuits, it’s unlikely that just one model will work for everybody.
  • (4) If we’re waiting around for the Democratic version to sail through here, or the Republican version to sail through here, all those victims who are waiting for us to do something will wait for days, months, years, forever and we won’t get anything done.” Senator Bill Nelson, whose home state of Florida is still reeling from the Orlando shooting, said he felt morally obligated to return to his constituents with results.
  • (5) 45Calcium has been used to compare the kinetics for the transport and bioaccumulation of this regulatory cation in keratinocyte cultures of a kindred with HPS (i.e., one HPS homozygote, one HPS obligate heterozygote, one normal family member, and healthy adult controls).
  • (6) The department will consider the judgment to see whether it is obliged to rerun the consultation process.
  • (7) Physicians have an obligation to ensure that parents make a well-considered decision, and to provide them with counsel and support.
  • (8) As he told us: 'Individual faults and frailties are no excuse to give in and no exemption from the common obligation to give of ourselves.'
  • (9) Organisms of the genus Bacteroides represent the major group of obligate anaerobes involved in human infections.
  • (10) Considerations of different ways of obtaining informed consent, determining ways of minimizing harm, and justifications for violating the therapeutic obligation are discussed but found unsatisfactory in many respects.
  • (11) As commander in chief, I believe that taking care of our veterans and their families is a sacred obligation.
  • (12) A 20% discount will save the average first-time buyer £43,000 on a £218,000 home (the average cost paid by such buyers), which would leave a revenue shortfall of £8bn from income if current regulatory obligations had been retained on the 200,000 homes.
  • (13) Justice Hiley later suggested the conduct required by a doctor outside of his profession, as Chapman was describing it, was perhaps a “broad generality” and not specific enough “to create an ethical obligation.” “It’s no broader than the Hippocratic oath,” Chapman said in her reply.
  • (14) Asked by Marr if he knew if Ashcroft paid tax in this country, Hague said:" I'm sure he fulfils the obligations that were imposed on him at the time he became …" Marr: "Have you asked him?"
  • (15) These species are all obligately anaerobic, asaccharolytic, and generally nonreactive, and they grow poorly and slowly on media commonly used to isolate anaerobic bacteria.
  • (16) According to Swedish law, couples who are planning to marry are obliged to publish their address.
  • (17) In the present report we summarize our data on 144 obligate female carriers.
  • (18) But whether it arose from religious belief, from a noblesse oblige or from a sense of solidarity, duty in Britain has been, to most people, the foundation of rights rather than their consequence.
  • (19) No serious side effects were reported and none of the patients was obliged to terminate treatment because of side effects.
  • (20) This paper argues that although this is true of some types of obligation, including the ones discussed by Professor Kluge, it is by no means true of all.

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