(n. pl.) One of the classes of Protozoa, including a large number of species, all of minute size.
Example Sentences:
(1) Rumen content (pH, number of infusoria, quantity of volatile fatty acids and ammonia) was studied in 151 cattle (50 healthy animals, 15 with experimental suppurative infection and 86 with spontaneous suppurative infection).
(2) It was found that continuous feeding of high amounts of concentrates produced a negative effect on the fermentative processes in the rumen, reliably lowering the values of pH, ammonia gas, and the total count of Infusoria and reliably raising the amount of volatile fatty acids and the total acidity of the rumen content.
(3) Two cases of therapy-resistant fluorine are reported in which Balantidium coli from the class of the cilia (Ciliophora, Ciliata, Infusoria) was identified.
(4) Results showed that the infusoria count per one cu.cm of rumen content in lactating cows that had been given methionine at the rate of 30 g daily was 137013, while in the control animals it was 76431.
(5) The rumen content became alkaline, and the infusoria count dropped.
(6) Studied were the values of pH and the content of ammonia gas and volatile fatty acids, the total acidity, and the count of Infusoria in the rumen content.
(7) The infusoria were found out only at the age of 120 days--their numbers were 155 000 per ml; at the age of 180 days their numbers rose to 368 000 per ml rumen fluid.
(8) The time of the infusoria survival in the blood serum was a criterion of toxemia level.
(9) With diseased cows pH in the rumen was 22 per cent lower than in the controls; the total count of infusoria per cu.cm was more than twice lower than the values found after recovery and those in the controls.
(10) The size of the double-stranded molecules of DNA of the macronucleus of an infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis GL in the G-1 period of the cell cycle is not less than 400 .
(11) Investigated were the volatile fatty acids (VFA), ketone bodies, pH, and the count and composition of infusoria in the rumen content; the sugar, ketone bodies, and VFA in the blood--all being considered the most characteristic indices of carbohydrate metabolism in ruminants.
(12) The characteristics of digestive activities studied in rumen fluid at weekly--monthly intervals were pH, ammonia content, total content of volatile fatty acids, content of particular volatile fatty acids, incidence and number of infusoria.
(13) Infusoria life span was found to depend on peritonitis severity and serum concentration of medium-molecular peptides.
(14) Chlamydomonas data are in line with the results of the Infusoria and Chlorella experiments.
(15) Selective changes in Y. enterocolitica virulence have been made in experiments on eukaryotic cells, Infusoria, and peritoneal macrophages, used as models.
(16) In the test on Infusoria the cytotoxic action of strains isolated from plants has been noted.
(17) The dependence of immunological reactions of fishes infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infusoria was elucidated.
(18) The reproductive process of infusoria was investigated.
(19) In parallel experiments with the passage of Yersinia through Infusoria and mammalian macrophages an analogy to the processes of phagocytosis has been established.
(20) Entodinium infusoria were totally lacking in the rumen content of the affected animals, while the ketone bodies were 13.5 to 15.5 times as high, and VFA were 37 to 49 per cent lower.
Protozoa
Definition:
(n. pl.) The lowest of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.
(pl. ) of Protozoon
Example Sentences:
(1) Many protozoa were in renal tubule cells, endothelial cells and brain.
(2) The 8-, 9-, 10-, and 11-thiastearic acids were found to suppress the synthesis of the cyclopropane-containing fatty acid dihydrosterculic acid (9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid) at micromolar concentrations in the growth medium, and all but the 9-thiastearate were found to inhibit the growth of the protozoa at concentrations.
(3) On defaunation of the rumen to remove ciliated protozoa the concentration of phosphatidylcholine in ruminal digesta falls markedly and becomes lower than that in abomasal digesta.
(4) Protozoa were found in 32% of samples (4.6% pathogenic protozoa, 24% facultative pathogenic protozoa and 3.4% apathogenic protozoa).
(5) Omasal contents were collected from slaughtered cattle (n = 54), bison (n = 15), and sheep (n = 40) to determine numbers and generic distribution of ciliated protozoa.
(6) In an attempt to reconstruct the universal ancestor of all present-day tubulin genes the intron positions in 38 different alpha- and beta-tubulin genes from plants, animals, fungi and protozoa were compared.
(7) The drug possesses a strong activity against numerous fungi, some protozoa, and bacteria.
(8) Low GC in Mycoplasma is accompanied by use of UGA for tryptophan and, in ciliated protozoa, by use of UAA and UAG for glutamine.
(9) In addition, a number of antiparasitic agents have been shown to exert their actions through a free radical metabolism: nitro compounds used against trypanosomatids, anaerobic protozoa and helminths; crystal violet used in blood banks to prevent blood transmission of Chagas' disease; the antimalarial primaquine, chloroquinine, and quinhasou; and quinones active in vitro and in vivo against different parasites.
(10) Optimal doses of promastigotes were used which ensured the adaptation of Protozoa in the host's intestine.
(11) In this case the fraction responsible for this transformation contains mainly protozoa.
(12) The apparent production rate of the larger protozoa indicates that they contribute only about 9% of the predicted net microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.
(13) The observation, in parasitic protozoa and helminths, that selfing or non-obligatory mating is a common feature suggests that these processes may be strategies to overcome the cost of meiosis.
(14) Nitroimidazoles have been prepared which show interesting activity against the bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, in addition to the activities usually shown by nitroimidazoles against protozoa and anaerobic bacteria.
(15) Antigenic macromolecules and some viruses, bacteria, and protozoa enter their apical surface by endocytosis or phagocytosis.
(16) Trapping of many types of small protozoa and manipulation of organelles within protozoa is also possible.
(17) These associations are also compared with other, previously described cases of symbiosis involving prokaryotes and protozoa.
(18) Although C. ventriculi is classified as a holotrich, concentrations of this species in the rumen appear to follow a diurnal cycle more closely related to be entodiniomorph protozoa.
(19) In a later phase, the protozoa treated with histamine or prednisolone died.
(20) The stool samples were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium sp., other protozoa, helminths, and pathogenic enterobacteria.