(1) While both black and Anglo children choose ingroup photos, Latinos preferred pictures of Anglo children.
(2) In-group and out-group members were predicted to differ in the judged efficacy of coercion and conciliation as social influence strategies, with coercion perceived as relatively more effective than conciliation by outgroup rather than ingroup members.
(3) It was predicted that a more positive attitude toward one's own ethnic identity would be associated with a higher level of ingroup preference.
(4) Turkish pupils acted more in terms of self than ingroup, attributing the success of another Turkish child more to good luck than they did that of self or an outgroup member.
(5) As expected from Social Identity Theory, subjects perceived ingroup locations as less violent than outgroup ones.
(6) Not only the ingroup aspect of ethnic group relations was studied but also the outgroup aspect.
(7) As members of the high-status group, the Dutch subjects showed a higher level of ingroup preference, compared with ethnic minorities.
(8) The monophyly of the ingroup is supported by 5 synapomorphies.
(9) Inability of the outgroup taxa to root the well-supported ingroup tree (Apicomplexa) at a unique site when these taxa were used individually for this purpose reinforces the need for an appropriate, multiple-taxon outgroup in such analyses.
(10) As the myxomycetes appear to be part of the ingroup, and not a sister group to the protostelids, L.S.
(11) Intergroup bias was limited to German pupils, who attributed failure of an ingroup member or self more to bad luck than they did that of an outgroup member.
Monophyletic
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to a single family or stock, or to development from a single common parent form; -- opposed to polyphyletic; as, monophyletic origin.
Example Sentences:
(1) Statistical analysis of 251 phylogenetically informative nucleotide positions rejects the "volvocine lineage" hypothesis, which postulates a monophyletic evolutionary progression from unicellular organisms (such as Chlamydomonas), through colonial organisms (e.g., Gonium, Pandorina, Eudorina, and Pleodorina) demonstrating increasing size, cell number, and tendency toward cellular differentiation, to multicellular organisms having fully differentiated somatic and reproductive cells (in the genus Volvox).
(2) Maximum-parsimony analyses of the total data set of 67 vertebrate alpha A sequences support the monophyletic origin of alligator, tegu, and birds and favor the grouping of crocodilians and birds as surviving sister groups in the subclass Archosauria.
(3) Considering both the present data and previous findings, Palaeognath birds appear to be a peculiar and monophyletic group, characterized by: 1), a conical acrosome surrounding the nucleus; 2), a fibrous sheath around most of the axoneme; and 3), an elongated distal centriole occupying the entire midpiece.
(4) Molecular data indicate that caviomorphs (guinea-pig-like rodents) and myomorphs (rat-like rodents) are not monophyletic.
(5) All the symbionts identified, which include several cytoplasmic incompatibility microorganisms, several endosymbionts of terrestrial isopods, and symbionts of two thelytokous Trichogramma wasp species, belong to a monophyletic group of related symbionts, some of which have previously been detected in several insects exhibiting cytoplasmic incompatibility.
(6) A phylogenetic analysis of the consensus Naegleria sequence showed that Naegleria was not monophyletic with either Acanthamoeba castellanii or Dictyostelium discoideum, two other amoebas for which sequences were available.
(7) Unrooted dendrograms computed from aligned sequences by distance matrix and DNA parsimony methods, including evolutionary parsimony, showed the Archaea to be a monophyletic-holophyletic cluster closer to Eukarya than to Bacteria.
(8) The Antarctic notothenioids are a monophyletic radiation of fishes that have evolved under conditions of low light and cold, where non-visual sensory systems, such as the mechanosensory lateral line system, would be of importance.
(9) Such formulations assume a regularity of transmission of surnames, monophyletism, and random occurrence of consanguineous marriages.
(10) A comparative ultrastructural study of photoreceptor synapses formed upon homologous postsynaptic neurones in insects has been made by using serial-section electron microscopy in representative Diptera from a monophyletic series of 14 families.
(11) If the primate suborder Haplorhini (anthropoids, omomyids, tarsiids) is monophyletic, the phylogenetic position of Shoshonius requires that anthropoids and Tarsius diverged by at least the early Eocene, some 15 million years before the first appearance of anthropoids in the fossil record.
(12) The Monte San Giorgio pachypleurosaurids are a monophyletic group.
(13) Of these, 3 (the articulating bar group, Ligictaluridus, and Onchocleidus sensu Wheeler and Beverley-Burton, 1989) have been recognized previously as monophyletic; 3 (Aethycteron, Lyrodiscus, and Salsuginus) were shown to be monophyletic in the present study; 3 (Leptocleidus, Macrohaptor, and Tetracleidus) are monotypic genera; and 4 were identified as unresolved assemblages that contain a number of species considered to be incertae sedis as well as those assigned to the following genera: Aristocleidus Mueller, 1936, Urocleidus sensu Suriano and Beverley-Burton, 1981, Cleidodiscoides Mayes and Miller, 1973, and Cleidodiscus sensu Beverley-Burton and Suriano, 1980.
(14) Florideophycidae, however, appears to be monophyletic with Bangiales as its sister group.
(15) Lampreys and hagfishes (cyclostomes) traditionally were considered to be a natural (monophyletic) group.
(16) Yet, the monophyletic germ line on this earth has persisted for three billion years and has the potential of being immortal.
(17) Wild sheep with 2n=54 may have evolved monophyletically from an ancestral 2n=58-56-54 population or polyphyletically by a series of independent, nonrandom fusions.
(18) When only plastidic features are considered, it is difficult to distinguish between monophyletic and polyphyletic xenogenous origins of plastids.
(19) That paraphyletic taxon was composed of 3 monophyletic groups: the pseudosuckerless Neodiplostomidae n. fam.
(20) The association is monophyletic in cockroaches but polyphyletic in many groups, including the sucking lice, beetles and scale insects.