(a.) Of or pertaining to the beginning; marking the commencement; incipient; commencing; as, the initial symptoms of a disease.
(a.) Placed at the beginning; standing at the head, as of a list or series; as, the initial letters of a name.
(n.) The first letter of a word or a name.
(v. t.) To put an initial to; to mark with an initial of initials.
Example Sentences:
(1) He added: "There is a rigorous review process of applications submitted by the executive branch, spearheaded initially by five judicial branch lawyers who are national security experts and then by the judges, to ensure that the court's authorizations comport with what the applicable statutes authorize."
(2) In January 2011, the Nobel peace prize laureate was admitted to a Johannesburg hospital for what officials initially described as tests but what turned out to be an acute respiratory infection .
(3) Apparently, the irradiation with visible light of a low intensity creates an additional proton gradient and thus stimulates a new replication and division cycle in the population of cells whose membranes do not have delta pH necessary for the initiation of these processes.
(4) Treatment termination due to lack of efficacy or combined insufficient therapeutic response and toxicity proved to be influenced by the initial disease activity and by the rank order of prescription.
(5) Needle acupuncture did, however, increase the pain threshold compared with the initial value (alpha = 0.1%).
(6) Sixteen patients in whom schizophrenia was initially diagnosed and who were treated with fluphenazine enanthate or decanoate developed severe depression for a short period after the injection.
(7) Other haematological parameters remained normal, with the exception of the absolute number of lymphocytes, which initially fell sharply but soon returned to, and even exceeded, control levels.
(8) Errors in the initial direction of response were fewer in binocular viewing in comparison with monocular viewing.
(9) The results also indicate that small lesions initially noted only on CT scans of the chest in children with Wilms' tumor frequently represent metastatic tumor.
(10) An initial complex-soma inflection was observed on the rising phase of the action potential of some cells.
(11) In the past 6 years 26 patients underwent operation for recurrent duodenal ulcer after what was considered to be an "adequate" initial operation.
(12) Plain radiographs should be the initial screening modality for a suspected foreign body.
(13) In the 153 women to whom iron supplements were given during pregnancy, the initial fall in haemoglobin concentration was less, was arrested by 28 weeks gestation and then rose to a level equivalent to the booking level.
(14) The degree of increase in Meth responsiveness elicited by the initial provocation is a major factor in determining the airway response to a subsequent HS challenge.
(15) At low concentrations of TFIC there is a more or less direct relationship between the amount of the factor and the number of initiated complexes formed.
(16) During the 1st h after induction of the sporulation process, the rate of protein synthesis increased to two times the initial value.
(17) Benefits increase with an individual's initial cholesterol level and decrease with the age at which an intervention is initiated.
(18) Charge data from the target hospital showed a statistically significant reduction in laboratory charges per patient in the quarter following program initiation (P = 0.02) and no evidence for change in a group of five comparison hospitals.
(19) The most pronounced changes occurred during the initial hours of nutrient and energy deprivation.
(20) Damage to this innervation is often initiated by childbirth, but appears to progress during a period of many years so that the functional disorder usually presents in middle life.
Phonetics
Definition:
(n.) The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the human voice; phonology.
(n.) The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written characters.
Example Sentences:
(1) Three male and 2 female subjects produced six repetitions of 12 utterances that were initiated and terminated by vowels and consonants of differing phonetic features.
(2) The research, performed on 80 Romanian-speaking aphasics showed that the frequency of various types of phonetic errors is quite different in various languages, as presented in aphasiologic references.
(3) Animals provide a model of auditory-level processing in the absence of phonetic-level processing, and test whether the existence of a phenomenon such as categorical perception necessitates specialized mechanisms.
(4) A novel approach to speech recognition, on the basis of a multidimensional multivalued phonetic-feature description of speech signals, is presented and evaluated.
(5) Phonetic distractors generated greater interference than semantic distractors at all delay levels, and semantic distractors generated greater interference than random distractors.
(6) Ss in phonological priming conditions systematically modified their responses on unrelated priming trials in perceptual identification, and they were slower and more errorful on unrelated trials in lexical decision than were Ss in phonetic priming conditions.
(7) The analysis includes a phonetic analysis, a substitution analysis, and a phonological process analysis.
(8) Single-word repetitions by 4 brain-damaged adults with apraxia of speech (AOS) but without concomitant aphasia were transcribed using a standard narrow phonetic transcription system.
(9) These differences increased systematically with the phonetic complexity of the task.
(10) In another experiment, interdependence of two phonetic judgments was found in responses based on the fricative noise and the vocalic formants of a fricative-vowel syllable.
(11) This is in contrast with the classical (British-English) phonetic tradition which allows the occurrence of two strong stresses within certain words, which are then called 'double-stressed'.
(12) Specific features of Delaire's operation when compared with Rosenthal's inferior pedicle pharyngoplasty are described, and phonetic results obtained in a recent series of 10 patients operated upon using the former procedure reported.
(13) Phonetic transcriptions of 48 babbling samples from 11 normally hearing subjects, aged 4-18 months, and 39 samples from 14 hearing-impaired (HI) subjects, aged 4-39 months, were analyzed to determine the inventory of consonantal phones for each recording session.
(14) It has been found that in senile dementia the multilevel and multiaspect functional system of speech is impaired at both, a lower, phonetic, and higher speech (a phonological analysis) levels.
(15) A standardized, phonetically selected text, seems to improve the discrimination power.
(16) The most frequent prosthetic complications were phonetic problems in the maxilla only (10 cases), acrylic fractures in bridges (3 cases) and fractures or distortion of the metallic framework (2 cases).
(17) Possible applications of the model are to the evolution of semantic alarm calls in vervet monkeys and the phonetic aspects of human language.
(18) Intelligibility was evaluated from phonetic transcriptions of the speech samples.
(19) To do this, sets of letter strings in which orthography and familiarity were factorially combined were used as the basis for physical, phonetic, semantic, and lexical judgments.
(20) A digital phonetic data base under current construction is outlined.