(n.) That by means of which any work is performed, or result is effected; a tool; a utensil; an implement; as, the instruments of a mechanic; astronomical instruments.
(n.) A contrivance or implement, by which musical sounds are produced; as, a musical instrument.
(n.) A writing, as the means of giving formal expression to some act; a writing expressive of some act, contract, process, as a deed, contract, writ, etc.
(n.) One who, or that which, is made a means, or is caused to serve a purpose; a medium, means, or agent.
(v. t.) To perform upon an instrument; to prepare for an instrument; as, a sonata instrumented for orchestra.
Example Sentences:
(1) For assessment of clinical status, investigators must rely on the use of standardized instruments for patient self-reporting of fatigue, mood disturbance, functional status, sleep disorder, global well-being, and pain.
(2) Breast temperatures have been measured by the automated instrumentation called the 'Chronobra' for 16 progesterone cycles in women at normal risk for breast cancer and for 15 cycles in women at high risk for breast cancer.
(3) After a review of the technical development and application of staplers from their introduction to the present day, the indications to the use of this instrument in all gastroenterological areas from the oesophagus to the rectum as well as in chest, gynaecological and urological surgery specified.
(4) Short-forms of Wechsler intelligence tests have abounded in the literature and have been recommended for use as screening instruments in clinical and research settings.
(5) Atrioventricular (AV) delay that results in maximum ventricular filling and physiological mechanisms that govern dependence of filling on timing of atrial systole were studied by combining computer experiments with experiments in the anesthetized dog instrumented to measure phasic mitral flow.
(6) The instrument is a definite aid to the surgeon, and does not penalize the time required for surgery.
(7) Furthermore, the AMDP-3 scale and its manual constitute a remarkable teaching instrument for psychopathology, not always enough appreciated.
(8) But it [Help to Buy] is the right policy instrument to deal with a specific problem."
(9) Clinical use of this instrument is no more difficult than conventional immersion ultrasonography.
(10) The performance of the instrument was evaluated by undertaking in vitro measurements of the reflectance spectra of blood.
(11) Several recommendations, based upon the results of this survey study, the existing literature relevant to the ethical responsibilities of investigators who conduct research with children, and our own experiences with these instruments and populations, are made to assist researchers in their attempts to use these inventories in an ethical manner.
(12) Utilizing standardized instruments, family and demographic predictors of general and problem-solving knowledge pertaining to diabetes were identified in 53 newly diagnosed children.
(13) A compact attachment for microscope-type instruments is described enabling to introduce, rapidly and qualitatively, minute biological speciments into melted embedding medium and ensuring the safety of optics.
(14) This paper considers the advantages and disadvantages of the instrument together with indications for its use and reviews 118 patients who had 130 oral lesions removed with the CO2 laser.
(15) The inflammatory response is active in the embryo midway through incubation and is probably instrumental in protection of the embryo.
(16) To examine the possibility of prolongation of the standing times of instrument disinfectants, in vitro tests under high albumin exposure and tests in clinical practice were done.
(17) This, too, is a functional technique although the method and instruments are totally different.
(18) One abutment was used to evaluate each of nine oral hygiene instrumentation methods used for specified lengths of time or instrument strokes.
(19) Out-patient treatment, instrumentation and postgraduated teaching is dealt with.
(20) There is considerable evidence to suggest that intra-alveolar plasminogen activation is instrumental in many aspects of inflammatory lung injury and subsequent tissue repair.
Spirograph
Definition:
(n.) An instrument for recording the respiratory movements, as the sphygmograph does those of the pulse.
Example Sentences:
(1) Pulmonary function is little modified on the spirographic level; however, one observes an improvement of blood gases at rest which seems to result from better alveolar ventilation.
(2) simultaneous spirographic recording of the volume expired (FEV-1) and independent plethysmographic recording of TLC were obtained.
(3) In 10 patients with airway obstruction, spirographic indices and maximal expiratory flow rates were measured before inhalation of fenoterol and at different time intervals, for 5 h, following the inhalation of 200 mug of this substance.
(4) The improvement achieved in 42 patients included amelioration of the clinical symptoms cough, secretion and dyspnoea; the lessening of bronchial obstruction could be verified by spirographic analyses.
(5) Four cases of respiratory dyskinesia were investigated by using a spirograph before and after biperiden injection.
(6) Clinical, bronchoscopic, spirographic, scintigraphic, and chemical analyses were done in 24 children with cystic fibrosis to assess the mucolytic effects of acetylcysteine inhalations versus L-arginine hydrochloride aerosols.
(7) The study included atopic research through questioning and allergy skin tests; spirographic respiratory function study, airway resistance, carbachol BHR with determination of the threshold dose (FEV1 20% decrease).
(8) Spirographic determinations before and 1--2 months after surgery showed that the postoperative sequelae were milder in children than in adults.
(9) One stage total bilateral pulmonary denervation produced in a group of 23 dogs an increase breathing frequency, an increase in the amplitude of respiration and a characteristic morphology of the spirographic pattern.
(10) The spirographic shortage was on the whole identical in both groups.
(11) Spirographic parameters examined were vital capacity percent (%VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec divided by forced vital capacity (%) (FEV1.0%), and blood gas data.
(12) Administration of an aerosol of acetylcholine after normalization of the spirographic pattern produced a temporary reappearance of the immediate postdenervation spirographic pattern.
(13) The survey involved: a complex evaluation of respiratory tract, including internal, radiological, spirographic, gasometric and capnographic examinations.
(14) The functional state of the lungs was evaluated by means of spirographic and radiological methods.
(15) The improvement in pattency of small airways following administration of bronchodilators can be an index for early identification of patients with chronic bronchitis, although this needs to be verified in prospective spirographic studies.
(16) An analysis of spirographic studies and measurement of airflow resistance in diagnosing bronchial hyperreactivity in 27 children with bronchial asthma was made.
(17) In 21 males, aged about 20, 18 out of them with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases (bronchiectases, focal fibrosis, deforming bronchitis) and three healthy--VC, FEFR1, FVC, MMV50, MEFR200-1200, MAEFR, MAEFR25-75 and MEFR50 and MEFR90 were spirographically investigated prior to, two hours afert and 24 hours after unilateral bronchography; the three of the investigations were combined with a subsequent inhalation bronchodilatation test with orziprenalin--aersol (alupent).
(18) It's more of a Spirograph than an Etch a Sketch, as the sweeping curves signify.
(19) The author reports the results of hemoynamic, spirographic and biochemical studies conducted in patients, operated upon on the organs of the lower abdomen, pelvis and lower extremities.
(20) During the period of rehabilitation the usual spirographic measurements were carried out and some spiroergometric parameters were measured at standardized ergometric work loads.