(n.) That by means of which any work is performed, or result is effected; a tool; a utensil; an implement; as, the instruments of a mechanic; astronomical instruments.
(n.) A contrivance or implement, by which musical sounds are produced; as, a musical instrument.
(n.) A writing, as the means of giving formal expression to some act; a writing expressive of some act, contract, process, as a deed, contract, writ, etc.
(n.) One who, or that which, is made a means, or is caused to serve a purpose; a medium, means, or agent.
(v. t.) To perform upon an instrument; to prepare for an instrument; as, a sonata instrumented for orchestra.
Example Sentences:
(1) For assessment of clinical status, investigators must rely on the use of standardized instruments for patient self-reporting of fatigue, mood disturbance, functional status, sleep disorder, global well-being, and pain.
(2) Breast temperatures have been measured by the automated instrumentation called the 'Chronobra' for 16 progesterone cycles in women at normal risk for breast cancer and for 15 cycles in women at high risk for breast cancer.
(3) After a review of the technical development and application of staplers from their introduction to the present day, the indications to the use of this instrument in all gastroenterological areas from the oesophagus to the rectum as well as in chest, gynaecological and urological surgery specified.
(4) Short-forms of Wechsler intelligence tests have abounded in the literature and have been recommended for use as screening instruments in clinical and research settings.
(5) Atrioventricular (AV) delay that results in maximum ventricular filling and physiological mechanisms that govern dependence of filling on timing of atrial systole were studied by combining computer experiments with experiments in the anesthetized dog instrumented to measure phasic mitral flow.
(6) The instrument is a definite aid to the surgeon, and does not penalize the time required for surgery.
(7) Furthermore, the AMDP-3 scale and its manual constitute a remarkable teaching instrument for psychopathology, not always enough appreciated.
(8) But it [Help to Buy] is the right policy instrument to deal with a specific problem."
(9) Clinical use of this instrument is no more difficult than conventional immersion ultrasonography.
(10) The performance of the instrument was evaluated by undertaking in vitro measurements of the reflectance spectra of blood.
(11) Several recommendations, based upon the results of this survey study, the existing literature relevant to the ethical responsibilities of investigators who conduct research with children, and our own experiences with these instruments and populations, are made to assist researchers in their attempts to use these inventories in an ethical manner.
(12) Utilizing standardized instruments, family and demographic predictors of general and problem-solving knowledge pertaining to diabetes were identified in 53 newly diagnosed children.
(13) A compact attachment for microscope-type instruments is described enabling to introduce, rapidly and qualitatively, minute biological speciments into melted embedding medium and ensuring the safety of optics.
(14) This paper considers the advantages and disadvantages of the instrument together with indications for its use and reviews 118 patients who had 130 oral lesions removed with the CO2 laser.
(15) The inflammatory response is active in the embryo midway through incubation and is probably instrumental in protection of the embryo.
(16) To examine the possibility of prolongation of the standing times of instrument disinfectants, in vitro tests under high albumin exposure and tests in clinical practice were done.
(17) This, too, is a functional technique although the method and instruments are totally different.
(18) One abutment was used to evaluate each of nine oral hygiene instrumentation methods used for specified lengths of time or instrument strokes.
(19) Out-patient treatment, instrumentation and postgraduated teaching is dealt with.
(20) There is considerable evidence to suggest that intra-alveolar plasminogen activation is instrumental in many aspects of inflammatory lung injury and subsequent tissue repair.
Trephine
Definition:
(n.) An instrument for trepanning, being an improvement on the trepan. It is a circular or cylindrical saw, with a handle like that of a gimlet, and a little sharp perforator called the center pin.
(v. t.) To perforate with a trephine; to trepan.
Example Sentences:
(1) Specimens from the bone marrow taken were by trephine biopsy from the sternum, ala ossis ilii and spine.
(2) The routine study of bone marrow trephine biopsies involves fixation, decalcification, paraffin-embedment, sectioning and staining.
(3) This correction improved the S-phase cell estimate from aspirated marrows, and the corrected values were not significantly different from values from paired trephine samples.
(4) Forty-five percutaneous trephine lung biopsies using the Steel apparatus were performed on 38 patients.
(5) A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effect of recipient-donor trephine disparity on refractive error and corneal curvature post-suture removal in keratoconus.
(6) This instrument, a modification of a corneal trephine, provides a neat, smooth groove of adjustable depth.
(7) Trephination dates from prehistoric neolithic times (10,000-7000 B.C.)
(8) Forty-six patients were examined in a prospective, randomized clinical study to compare the use of the same size trephine on both donor and recipient with the use of a 0.5-mm larger trephine on the donor in aphakic keratoplasty and in keratoplasty combined with lens extraction.
(9) All patients had a trephine biopsy of the bone marrow and entered this study without prior selection.
(10) Meticulous handling of the graft (using a Goeller trephine and Tenon's traction sutures), filleting Tenon's capsule and avoiding cautery of the graft bed may minimize graft necrosis and atrophy.
(11) With the use of a guide box of plexiglas screwed into a trephine of the calvarium, several thermocouples could be inserted at various depths into the brain at the same time.2.
(12) In the control contralateral trephines, one-third to one-half of the defect was incompletely repaired.
(13) In a series of 20 human autopsy and 40 pig cadaver eyes the histological and ultrastructural results of donor and recipient trephination and full-thickness corneal grafting using new mask systems were evaluated.
(14) The use of a small trephine for chalazion surgery or tarsal biopsy is described.
(15) In this laboratory study, we used five different corneal trephines on 60 fresh human donor eyes with controlled intraocular pressure to study the variation in the size and shape of the trephine openings.
(16) One horizontal hole from the peripheral vasculature to one of the artificial longitudinal injuries to both medial menisci of the knee in each dog was made with a needlelike trephine.
(17) Three types of Berger's early investigations are described: (1) String-galvanometer recordings obtained between 1924 and 1926, mainly from trephined patients with cerebral diseases, which usually showed brain waves slowed to 6--8 per second; (2) Direct recordings from the cortex and white matter proving the cortical origin of the EEG in 1930; (3) Typical unpublished EEG recordings of epileptics and of petit-mal attacks obtained in 1930 and 1931.
(18) No complications of infection, osteomyelitis, or major nail deformities occurred in any patients treated by nail trephination, regardless of SUH size or presence of fracture.
(19) Tumour infiltration was also suggested in four of 10 staging procedures with suspicious trephine specimens, but in none of three with relatively innocent histological and cytological features.
(20) Seventy-two adult Sprague-Dawley rats each received bilateral 8-mm trephine defects in the temporoparietal area; this defect size precludes spontaneous osseous healing during the lifetime of the animal.