What's the difference between investigation and surveillance?

Investigation


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research; study; inquiry, esp. patient or thorough inquiry or examination; as, the investigations of the philosopher and the mathematician; the investigations of the judge, the moralist.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Lebedev says he is aware that he is under investigation.
  • (2) We have investigated the effect of methimazole (MMI) on cell-mediated immunity and ascertained the mechanisms of immunosuppression produced by the drug.
  • (3) Lucy and Ed will combine coverage of hard and breaking news with a commitment to investigative journalism, which their track record so clearly demonstrates”.
  • (4) Clinical and roentgenographic criteria could not discriminate between patients with and without pneumonia, confirming the findings of previous investigations.
  • (5) The combined immediate and delayed responses to fleas in the dog are as observed by other investigators in man and guinea pigs.
  • (6) "As the investigation remains live and in order to preserve the integrity of that investigation, it would not be appropriate to offer further comment."
  • (7) The main clinical features pertaining to the concept of the "psycho-organic syndrome" (POS) were investigated in a sample of children who suffered from severe craniocerebral trauma.
  • (8) The ability of azelastine to influence antigen-induced contractile responses (Schultz-Dale phenomenon) in isolated tracheal segments of the guinea-pig was investigated and compared with selected antiallergic drugs and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism.
  • (9) Electronmicroscopical investigations have revealed that, under normal conditions, a minor vesicular transfer of intravenously injected peroxidase occurs across the endothelium in segments of arterioles, capillaries and venules, especially in arterioles with a diameter about 15-30 mu.
  • (10) Using mini-pigs with an indwelling vascular catheter, the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol were investigated in healthy and liver-damaged animals.
  • (11) We determined whether serological investigations can assist to distinguish between chronic idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenia (cAITP) and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in patients at risk to develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); 82 patients were seen in this institution for the evaluation of immune thrombocytopenia.
  • (12) The quaternary structure of ribonucleotide reductase of Escherichia coli was investigated, with the use of purified B1 and B2 proteins and bifunctional cross-linking agents.
  • (13) We have investigated a physiological role of endogenous insulin on exocrine pancreatic secretion stimulated by a liquid meal as well as exogenous secretin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in conscious rats.
  • (14) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
  • (15) We have investigated the increase in the spcDNA population upon cycloheximide treatment of individual sequences, which are found to amplify differentially.
  • (16) A phytochemical investigation of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Echites hirsuta (Apocynaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of the flavonoids naringenin, aromadendrin (dihydrokaempferol), and kaempferol; the coumarin fraxetin; the triterpene ursolic acid; and the sterol glycoside sitosteryl glucoside.
  • (17) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
  • (18) Among the groups investigated, the subjects with gastric tumors presented the greatest values.
  • (19) Typological and archaeological investigations indicate that the church building represents originally the hospital facility for the lay brothers of the monastery, which according to the chronicle of the monastery was built in the beginning of the 14th century.
  • (20) Therefore, we have developed a powerful new microcomputer-based system which permits detailed investigations and evaluation of 3-D and 4-D (dynamic 3-D) biomedical images.

Surveillance


Definition:

  • (n.) Oversight; watch; inspection; supervision.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Clinical surveillance, repeated laboratory tests, conventional radiology, and especially ultrasonography and CT scan all contributed to the preoperative diagnosis.
  • (2) An effective graft-surveillance protocol needs to be applicable to all patients; practical in terms of time, effort, and cost; reliable; and able to detect, grade, and assess progression of lesions.
  • (3) Our data suggest that a rational use of surveillance cultures and serological tests may aid in an earlier diagnosis of FI in BMT patients.
  • (4) In a debate in the House of Commons, I will ask Britain, the US and other allies to convert generalised offers of help into more practical support with greater air cover, military surveillance and helicopter back-up, to hunt down the terrorists who abducted the girls.
  • (5) The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential for integrating surveillance techniques in reproductive epidemiology with geographic information system technology in order to identify populations at risk around hazardous waste sites.
  • (6) These deficiencies in the data compromise HIV surveillance based on diagnostic testing, and supplementary bias-free data are needed.
  • (7) A total of 1,268 patients admitted to hospital wards were kept under surveillance by one observer throughout their stay in hospital.
  • (8) Cardiovascular disease event rates will be assessed through continuous community surveillance of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke.
  • (9) Although this operational classification does not produce etiologically homogeneous groups, it is believed to have pragmatic utility with respect to planning targeted surveillance and management strategies.
  • (10) These results clearly show the value of cardiac and neurologic surveillance of patients operated on for carotid artery stenosis.
  • (11) Hemoccult-II (H-II) was performed before 1,244 colonoscopies in patients with previous cancer and before 328 colonoscopies in an adenoma surveillance program.
  • (12) Albrecht said it would represent a great success for the parliament's investigation into mass surveillance of EU citizens.
  • (13) Although the debate in the US has led to some piecemeal reforms – including the USA Freedom Act and modest policy changes – many of the most intrusive government surveillance programs remain largely intact.
  • (14) He is likely to propose increased funding of plant disease experts, the stepping up of surveillance at ports of entry and a Europe-wide "plant passport" system to trace the origins of all plants coming into Britain.
  • (15) Our results indicate that in recipients of bioprosthetic valves, careful follow-up with closer surveillance of valve and cardiac function and earlier prosthetic replacement might contribute to reducing the risk of reoperation.
  • (16) He spent just 22 minutes there before heading out again, the building’s surveillance system revealed.
  • (17) This postoperative surveillance was aimed at discovering benign or malignant neoplastic growth within the remaining large bowel.
  • (18) The 14-year incidence rates (1969-1982) for coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), total mortality, and cause-specific mortality were compared between 8,006 examined and 3,130 nonexamined men of the Honolulu Heart Program using identical surveillance procedures.
  • (19) Surveillance activity must be performed concurrently so that data can be reported in a timely manner and appropriate action can be taken if necessary.
  • (20) Cluster investigations are expected to be most useful not in etiologic research, but rather in addressing worker concerns and as part of larger surveillance efforts.