What's the difference between inwardly and subvocal?
Inwardly
Definition:
(adv.) In the inner parts; internally.
(adv.) Toward the center; inward; as, to curve inwardly.
(adv.) In the heart or mind; mentally; privately; secret/y; as, he inwardly repines.
(adv.) Intimately; thoroughly.
Example Sentences:
(1) The maximum amplitude of the inward Na+ current, normalized by cell capacitance, is about sixfold larger, on the average, in LP lactotropes than in SP lactotropes.
(2) In contrast with oligodendrocytes, [Cl-]i in astrocytes is significantly increased (from 20 to 40 mM) above the equilibrium distribution owing to the activity of an inward directed Cl- pump; this suggests a different mechanism of K+ uptake in these cells.
(3) The differentiated neuroblastoma cell possesses characteristics of an electrically excitable cell and can generate propagated potential spikes in which Ca2+ is the inward charge carrier.
(4) This response seemed to be triggered mainly by the influx of Ca2+ through L-type Ca2+ channel activated by membrane depolarization, which was caused by the ATP-induced inward current.
(5) I have equated nationalism with racism, xenophobia, inward-looking-ness and militarism.
(6) From this, and previous studies indicating a dependency of contraction frequency on the inward verapamil-sensitive Na influx, it is suggested that the drugs modify the automaticity of this preparation by a primary influence on membrane Na exchange.
(7) We used two experimental techniques to study the effect of lidocaine hydrochloride on the early inward transient (sodium) current as it is reflected by the maximum rate of change of action potential phase 0 (Vmax).
(8) Ca2+ inward currents evoked by membrane depolarization have been studied by the intracellular dialysis technique in the somatic membrane of isolated dorsal root ganglion neurones of new-born rats.
(9) Furthermore, clonidine can abolish, in reversible fashion, the acetylcholine-activated inward current determined with patch-clamp.
(10) In the type II response kainate caused prominent inward currents at -60 mV in Na(+)-free, 10 mM-Ca2+ solution.
(11) The kinetics of the membrane current during the anomalous or inward-going rectification of the K current in the egg cell membrane of the starfish Mediaster aequalis were analyzed by voltage clamp.
(12) L-type ICa, an inward-going sustained current, was activated with depolarization more positive than -25 mV.
(13) Displacements of the hair bundle towards the taller stereocilia generated inward-going m-e.t.
(14) At low concentrations, the current-voltage relations are inwardly rectifying, but they become more ohmic if a small amount of divalent cations is added externally.
(15) Divalent cations (2 mM-Ni2+, 1 mM-Ba2+ or 2 mM-Ca2+) reduced only the outward current in the Tris Na(+)-free solution, while in the 150 mM-Na+ solution, they reduced both the inward and outward components of the current which had a reversal potential of around -10 mV.
(16) Large negative-going pulses elicited proportionally larger inward currents that decayed during the pulse with voltage-dependent kinetics.
(17) In the absence of Ca2+ (but with Mg2+ present) the inward current disappeared but a large, inactivating outward current appeared when V greater than 0 mV.
(18) -57 mV) induced a large voltage-dependent inward current which has been identified as the K current through the anomalous rectifier (Ianomal.).
(19) In most cells superfused with 10 mM-Ca2+, a transient inward Ca2+ current was evoked by a step depolarization to potentials more positive than -65 mV from a holding potential of -100 mV.
(20) In the affective realm, the Rorschach scores reflected the predicted decrease in uncontrolled expression of affect, increase in controlled expression of affect, and increase in inwardness.
Subvocal
Definition:
(a. & n.) Same as Subtonic.
Example Sentences:
(1) The best zero-order predictor was age (.62), followed by subvocalization rate (.57) and intelligence (.39).
(2) 2 the digit span was correlated against measures of age, intelligence, subvocalization rate, perceptual speed, and memory search rate, for 40 subjects aged 7 to 17 yr.
(3) Analysis of the electromyographic records showed a large decrease in subvocalization in the feedback condition, and results of the memory task revealed an increase in errors for this group.
(4) The hypothesis tested was that stutterers subvocalize more slowly than nonstutterers and that they need more time for the overt production of the fluent parts of their speech.
(5) The authors suggest that auditory hallucinations may be projections of schizophrenic patients' verbal thoughts, subvocalized due to deficient cerebral cortical inhibition.
(6) Several investigators have suggested that schizophrenic patients may show an increase in subvocal speech (as measured by electromyographic [EMG] activity) during auditory hallucinations (AH), and that the subvocal activity might be antecedent to the hallucinatory experience.
(7) Based on experimental results, we propose that subvocal articulation might be impaired in anarthric patients in different ways, according to the site of lesion: in 'locked-in' patients only the articulatory rehearsal processes necessary to enhance memory performances is involved, while in cortical anarthric patients the lesion affects the articulatory recoding processes involved in transferring visually presented material into an articulatory form for better retention.
(8) Half the 16 right-handed subjects rehearsed the pair of words vocally and half subvocally.
(9) Subjects in both groups were trained to suppress subvocalization.
(10) Experiment 4 explores further the role of subvocalization, by showing that the likelihood of reinterpreting an imaged stimulus is directly proportional to the degree of enactment allowed.
(11) In immediate ordered recall, recency is the improved recall of the last item of a presentation, and the modality effect is the advantage for an acoustic presentation over a subvocalized visual presentation, primarily occurring at the last serial position.
(12) The older boys were different than the other sex by age groups in that their recall and subvocal speech scores were significantly correlated; they engaged in greater amounts of raw EMG activity on both high-labial and low-labial trials; and they recalled only a small per cent of the names of pictures they did not subvocalize.
(13) The results suggest that requiring subjects to simultaneously suppress subvocalization and remember syllables depresses performance slightly, but encoding of speech sounds in short-term memory occurs independently of subvocal activity during the memory task.
(14) Briefly exposed stimuli not only have to be scanned, but also rehearsed, subvocally, before they can be encoded.
(15) We argue that subvocalization or enactment provides an internal stimulus that is subject to reinterpretation.
(16) Only subjects in the feedback group were asked to suppress subvocalization during the experiment, while subjects in the no-feedback group were allowed to subvocalize during the memory task.
(17) In Experiment 1, articulatory suppression was used to prevent subjects from subvocal rehearsal when learning the stimuli, whereas in Experiment 2, verbal labels were presented with each stimulus during learning to encourage a reliance on the verbal code.
(18) Two experiments were performed to determine how accurately the immediate memory span may be predicted from the subject's subvocalization rate, as compared with other subject and stimulus variables.
(19) The technologic consequence is that covert oral behavior (subvocalization) during silent reading is beneficial to children and should not be tampered with by the teacher.
(20) A microphone placed close to the lips was used to detect subvocal speech.