(n.) A rare metallic element, of the same group as platinum, which it much resembles, being silver-white, but harder, and brittle, and indifferent to most corrosive agents. With the exception of osmium, it is the heaviest substance known, its specific gravity being 22.4. Symbol Ir. Atomic weight 192.5.
Example Sentences:
(1) In addition the following are recommended: intra-arterial embolization of the A. maxilleris interna by carotis external angiography and intranasal contact irradiation with cobalt, radium, or iridium.
(2) It was shown that this oscillating iridium source can give satisfactory dose distribution even if the applicators are inserted with interval greater than 1.5 cm.
(3) The dosimetry of ophthalmic plaques designed to hold iridium-192 or iodine-125 seeds is investigated experimentally and by means of a computer model.
(4) There was a similar incidence of post-operative sensory loss in the two groups, reported by 82% of the mastectomy group and 77% of the iridium group, and an equivalent rate of improvement (76 and 80% respectively).
(5) After radio-sensitizing the post-iridium-192 contact irradiation apparatus on 133 patients with gliomas.
(6) Brachytherapy to the primary site to a dose of 30 Gy using iridium 192.
(7) In the iridium implant series, 86 catheters have been implanted for an average of 3.6 targets per patient.
(8) A total of 127 patients with histologically proved diagnosis of carcinoma of the tonsillar region and soft palate were treated over the past ten years utilizing interstitial iridium-192 implants.
(9) Since 1987, iridium guiding needles were introduced peroperatively in 79 of these patients.
(10) A common radiotherapeutic technique for treating breast cancer is the combination of external beam radiation with an interstitial iridium-192 boost.
(11) The results of a series of 369 patients followed more than 3 years indicate that implantation of Iridium-192 is effective not as sole treatment but as a booster dose 2 months after a course of external beam or intracavitary irradiation.
(12) In the 221 patients treated (225 breasts), 197 breasts received iridium implants and 26 patients received peri-operative chemotherapy (POPFAC).
(13) The results of several previously published series and our own recent series have led us to conclude that interstitial implants of iridium-192 wires are the most appropriate way to achieve the local control of penile carcinoma while conserving penile morphology and function when this technique is used to treat noninfiltrating or infiltrating tumors of less than 4 cm diameter with minor or no invasion of the corpora cavernosa.
(14) These electrodes are divided into major categories according to their particularities: platinum iridium, elgiloy, carbon-tip, anodized platinum and granulated iridium-platinum.
(15) Sixty patients with infiltrating bladder cancer were treated by partial cystectomy and iridium radiotherapy between 1977 and 1982.
(16) A screw that was specifically designed, allowed us to fix a precious metal tube to the skull cap for about eight days making possible the application of a marginal tumor dose of 30 Gy at a daily fractionation of 2 X 2 Gy using the iridium-afterloading-technique.
(17) This technique of endoscopic biliary decompression before internal iridium administration minimizes complications by allowing biliary drainage during treatment.
(18) Iridium-192 wires are most frequently employed as a sealed intracavitary source.
(19) Radioactive iridium wire (192Ir) was inserted into the surgical track to deliver prophylactic irradiation (4500 cGy) to prevent tumour seeding.
(20) A new technique is reported for the treatment of hepatic metastases using sonography-directed percutaneous placement of a 14-gauge needle applicator and a high-intensity "remote afterloading" iridium-192 (Ir-192) source for interstitial radiation therapy.
Kilogram
Definition:
(n.) Alt. of Kilogramme
Example Sentences:
(1) Twenty-one patients received 4.5 mg. per kilogram of intramuscular lidocaine and 25 patients received placebo in the deltoid muscle within 14 hours of the onset of symptoms.
(2) The regimen used at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, provides 2.0 to 2.5 gm protein per kilogram ideal body weight, plus adequate fluid and nutrient supplements.
(3) Rabbits eating Rabbit Chow excreted a very alkaline urine, but rats eating the same diet excreted much less alkali when expressed per kilogram of body weight.
(4) In 15 patients undergoing aortofemoral bypass, partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests before and following intravenous administration of 75 U. per kilogram of heparin at zero, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were determined for study of control of anticoagulant adequacy.
(5) Mean grip strength and grip strength per kilogram weight are presented for age 59, ages 60-64 and 65-69.
(6) The ideal body weight (kg) of each individual can be calculated by the following formula: ideal body mass index x the height (m)2, since body mass index is expressed by the body weight in kilogram divided by the height squared in meters.
(7) In addition, livestock-rearing can use up to 200 times more water a kilogram of meat compared to a kilo of grain.
(8) Pressor responses to both angiotensin II (Ang II) and noradrenaline (NA) were reduced in 20-day-pregnant rats compared with those in non-pregnant animals, regardless of whether the results were expressed in terms of the dose per kilogram of body weight or per millilitre of estimated plasma volume.
(9) Infants receiving total parenteral nutrition including intravenous lipid emulsion excrete more than 100 pmol of pentane per kilogram body weight per minute.
(10) However, when VO2max was expressed per kilogram lean body mass, both back strength and VO2max contributed significantly to the prediction of spine density in men, and the coefficient of determination R2 increased to 0.30.
(11) Using the body mass index, defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kilogram per square meter), the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimated that 26%, or 34 million, adult Americans aged 20 to 75 were overweight.
(12) Dopamine was administered by constant intravenous infusion in doses ranging from 2 to 40 microgram per kilogram per minute.
(13) A method of the determination of aflatoxin B1 in the liver and muscular tissue of carp is described, enabling the capture of 50 ng in one kilogram.
(14) The mean coefficient of variations was 5.6% for the quantitative flow per kilogram estimated fetal weight measured in the fetal descending aorta, 6.8% for the quantitative flow per kilogram estimated fetal weight measured in the umbilical vein and 9.8% for the Pulsatility Index.
(15) Similarly, chicks orally dosed with 100 mg nitrofurantoin [N-(5-nitro-2 furfurylidine)-1-aminohydantoin] per kilogram had highest mortalities in the Se-deficient (unsupplemented) group; lowest mortalities occurred in chicks supplemented with 0.2 ppm Se; chicks supplemented with 0.02 ppm Se survived at rates not statistically different from chicks either unsupplemented or supplemented with 0.2 ppm Se.
(16) During exercise, less additional CO2 is stored per kilogram body weight in children than in adults, suggesting that children have a smaller capacity to store metabolically produced CO2.
(17) Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the children had a larger volume of distribution per kilogram of body weight in the central compartment and total body and a more rapid total-body clearance than adults.
(18) The patients were studied for 120 minutes after a single intravenous bolus of 1.5 mg of dazoxiben per kilogram of body weight.
(19) Univariate analyses showed that for 525 men aged 45-64 y and free from cardiovascular diseases, indicators of body fatness were inversely related to the difference between energy intake and expenditure, physical activity per kilogram body weight, smoking, and coffee consumption.
(20) To study the effects of physical conditioning on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, we examined the plasma ACTH, cortisol, and lactate responses in sedentary subjects, moderately trained runners, and highly trained runners to graded levels of treadmill exercise (50, 70, and 90 percent of maximal oxygen uptake) and to intravenous ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 microgram per kilogram of body weight).