(n.) The most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic weight 55.9. Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances.
(n.) An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
(n.) Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
(n.) Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with a rod of iron.
(n.) Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust.
(n.) Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.
(n.) Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.;
(n.) Rude; hard; harsh; severe.
(n.) Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution.
(n.) Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will.
(n.) Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious.
(v. t.) To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes used with out.
(v. t.) To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff.
(v. t.) To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.
Example Sentences:
(1) The hypothesis that proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis was tested using U937 mononuclear phagocytes as targets and iron together with hydrogen peroxide to generate radicals.
(2) The most successful dyes were phenocyanin TC, gallein, fluorone black, alizarin cyanin BB and alizarin blue S. Celestin blue B with an iron mordant is quite successful if properly handled to prevent gelling of solutions.
(3) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(4) The specific activities of extracts from cells grown under phototrophic and aerobic conditions were similar and not affected by the concentration of iron in the growth media.
(5) In the 153 women to whom iron supplements were given during pregnancy, the initial fall in haemoglobin concentration was less, was arrested by 28 weeks gestation and then rose to a level equivalent to the booking level.
(6) Typically the iron-iron axis (gz) of the binuclear iron-sulfur clusters is in the membrane plane.
(7) Increased iron levels in basal ganglia were generally associated with normal or elevated levels of ferritin immunoreactivity, for example, the substantia nigra in PSP and possibly MSA, and in putamen in MSA.
(8) Lead levels in contents and shells of eggs laid by hens dosed with all-lead shot were about twice those in eggs laid by hens dosed with lead-iron shot.
(9) Dietary factors affect intestinal P450s markedly--iron restriction rapidly decreased intestinal P450 to beneath detectable values; selenium deficiency acted similarly but was less effective; Brussels sprouts increased intestinal AHH activity 9.8-fold, ECOD activity 3.2-fold, and P450 1.9-fold; fried meat and dietary fat significantly increased intestinal EROD activity; a vitamin A-deficient diet increased, and a vitamin A-rich diet decreased intestinal P450 activities; and excess cholesterol in the diet increased intestinal P450 activity.
(10) Since iron from fortified formulas is well absorbed during the first three months of life, even if it is not immediately used for hemoglobin formation, an inccrease in the iron stores will occur...
(11) Dietary intakes, measured by three 24-hour recalls, revealed that protein, iron and Vitamin C generally met or exceeded the Nutrition Recommendations for age.
(12) This is a struggle for the survival of our nation.” As ever, after Trump’s media dressing-down, his operation was quick to fit a velvet glove to an iron fist.
(13) Ten weeks of iron therapy was not, however, long enough to increase iron stores.
(14) With both approaches, carbohydrate and fat had little influence whereas egg albumin had a significant inhibitory effect on the absorption of nonheme iron.
(15) The protein quality and iron bioavailability of mechanically deboned turkey meat (MDT) and hand-deboned turkey meat (HDT) were determined in rats.
(16) Serum levels of vitamins A and E, zinc and iron were determined in healthy control subjects and lepromatous leprosy patients belonging to an eastern state of India.
(17) Ferric iron in aqueous solution was used as an iron-only control.
(18) The implications of inhibition of protein kinase C by adriamycin-iron(III) are discussed.
(19) The duodenal mucosa of genotypically normal iron replete and iron deficient mice and mice with sex-linked (sla) and microcytic anemias (mk) was examined for the presence of iron-binding proteins.
(20) Ferredoxin reductase (Fd-reductase) supplies reducing equivalents obtained from NADPH to mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzymes via the small iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin.
Platinum
Definition:
(n.) A metallic element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum arsenide (sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is ductile and malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for stills for sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt. Formerly called platina.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results demonstrated that K2PtCl4 was bound to a greater degree than CDDP in this system with 3-5 and 1-2 platinum atoms respectively, bound per transferrin molecule.
(2) • This article was amended on 1 September 2014 because an earlier version described Platinum Property Partners as a buy-to-let mortgage lender.
(3) The potential loss of NH3 in such platinum complexes may lead to additional products over time.
(4) Platinum deer mice are conspicuously pale, with light ears and tail stripe.
(5) The diameters of regenerating crypts were measured at various times after X-rays and cis-platinum given either alone or in combination.
(6) Cis-platinum treatment is considered to be effective and useful for gynecological cancer.
(7) Analyses of mitotic activities and chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of human peripheral blood have been utilized to evaluate 24-hour cytotoxic and genetic effect of various concentrations (0, 12, 60, 120, 240, 360 mumol l-1) of ethylmalonate platinum (EM-Pt) in vitro.
(8) Excretion into urine within 24 hours was in the range of 54.2% to 92.2% of the administered platinum.
(9) The time dependency of the antitumour activity of (-)-(R)-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato++ +)platinum(II) monohydrate (DWA2114R) was examined in mice inoculated i.p.
(10) Primary therapy consisted of surgery, usually unilateral oophorectomy, and cis-platinum-based VAB chemotherapy.
(11) Methods have been reviewed for alkylating agents, platinum compounds, antitumour antibiotics, antimetabolites, alkaloids, suramin, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate and tamoxifen.
(12) We conclude that the major difference between these two lines was the glutathione-related detoxification of platinum.
(13) In order to determine possible risk factors and to assess the value of platinum microcoils added to polyvinyl alcohol particles in preoperative embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations in adults, we reviewed our experience with this procedure.
(14) A mixed platinum (II) complex with tert-butylamine and doxorubicin (coordinated via the amino-group) has been synthesized and tested for antitumor activity.
(15) Unlike cisplatin, bis(platinum) complex binding does not unwind supercoiled DNA.
(16) F-Pt in serum remained more than 90% of total platinum following IP CBDCA until 12 hours after administration.
(17) These data suggest that carrier ligand effects seen in resistant cell lines may be due, in part, to differences in accumulation of platinum, repair of Pt-DNA adducts, and tolerance of Pt-DNA adducts.
(18) To obtain pharmacokinetic data on anticancer drugs, we measured concentrations of plasma and tumor tissue for Cis-platinum, Adriamycin and Bleomycin in operated patients and xenografts.
(19) The effect of various fuel additives on the ability of platinum-palladium catalytic converters to remove the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon components of automotive exhaust has been examined.
(20) Afferent nerve activity is recorded with a monopolar platinum wire electrode from filaments of the mesenteric nerves that run between the artery and vein supplying the segment.