(n.) The most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic weight 55.9. Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances.
(n.) An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
(n.) Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
(n.) Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with a rod of iron.
(n.) Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust.
(n.) Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.
(n.) Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.;
(n.) Rude; hard; harsh; severe.
(n.) Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution.
(n.) Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will.
(n.) Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious.
(v. t.) To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes used with out.
(v. t.) To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff.
(v. t.) To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.
Example Sentences:
(1) The hypothesis that proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis was tested using U937 mononuclear phagocytes as targets and iron together with hydrogen peroxide to generate radicals.
(2) The most successful dyes were phenocyanin TC, gallein, fluorone black, alizarin cyanin BB and alizarin blue S. Celestin blue B with an iron mordant is quite successful if properly handled to prevent gelling of solutions.
(3) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(4) The specific activities of extracts from cells grown under phototrophic and aerobic conditions were similar and not affected by the concentration of iron in the growth media.
(5) In the 153 women to whom iron supplements were given during pregnancy, the initial fall in haemoglobin concentration was less, was arrested by 28 weeks gestation and then rose to a level equivalent to the booking level.
(6) Typically the iron-iron axis (gz) of the binuclear iron-sulfur clusters is in the membrane plane.
(7) Increased iron levels in basal ganglia were generally associated with normal or elevated levels of ferritin immunoreactivity, for example, the substantia nigra in PSP and possibly MSA, and in putamen in MSA.
(8) Lead levels in contents and shells of eggs laid by hens dosed with all-lead shot were about twice those in eggs laid by hens dosed with lead-iron shot.
(9) Dietary factors affect intestinal P450s markedly--iron restriction rapidly decreased intestinal P450 to beneath detectable values; selenium deficiency acted similarly but was less effective; Brussels sprouts increased intestinal AHH activity 9.8-fold, ECOD activity 3.2-fold, and P450 1.9-fold; fried meat and dietary fat significantly increased intestinal EROD activity; a vitamin A-deficient diet increased, and a vitamin A-rich diet decreased intestinal P450 activities; and excess cholesterol in the diet increased intestinal P450 activity.
(10) Since iron from fortified formulas is well absorbed during the first three months of life, even if it is not immediately used for hemoglobin formation, an inccrease in the iron stores will occur...
(11) Dietary intakes, measured by three 24-hour recalls, revealed that protein, iron and Vitamin C generally met or exceeded the Nutrition Recommendations for age.
(12) This is a struggle for the survival of our nation.” As ever, after Trump’s media dressing-down, his operation was quick to fit a velvet glove to an iron fist.
(13) Ten weeks of iron therapy was not, however, long enough to increase iron stores.
(14) With both approaches, carbohydrate and fat had little influence whereas egg albumin had a significant inhibitory effect on the absorption of nonheme iron.
(15) The protein quality and iron bioavailability of mechanically deboned turkey meat (MDT) and hand-deboned turkey meat (HDT) were determined in rats.
(16) Serum levels of vitamins A and E, zinc and iron were determined in healthy control subjects and lepromatous leprosy patients belonging to an eastern state of India.
(17) Ferric iron in aqueous solution was used as an iron-only control.
(18) The implications of inhibition of protein kinase C by adriamycin-iron(III) are discussed.
(19) The duodenal mucosa of genotypically normal iron replete and iron deficient mice and mice with sex-linked (sla) and microcytic anemias (mk) was examined for the presence of iron-binding proteins.
(20) Ferredoxin reductase (Fd-reductase) supplies reducing equivalents obtained from NADPH to mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzymes via the small iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin.
Rust
Definition:
(v. i.) To contract rust; to be or become oxidized.
(n.) The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist air, consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any metallic film of corrosion.
(n.) A minute mold or fungus forming reddish or rusty spots on the leaves and stems of cereal and other grasses (Trichobasis Rubigo-vera), now usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn mildew (Puccinia graminis). As rust, it has solitary reddish spores; as corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish.
(n.) That which resembles rust in appearance or effects.
(n.) A composition used in making a rust joint. See Rust joint, below.
(n.) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as, rust on salted meat.
(n.) Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence.
(v. i.) To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust; also, to acquire a rusty appearance, as plants.
(v. i.) To degenerate in idleness; to become dull or impaired by inaction.
(v. t.) To cause to contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect with rust of any kind.
(v. t.) To impair by time and inactivity.
Example Sentences:
(1) The reasoning in Rust v Sullivan allows government to limit freedom of speech in federally funded programs.
(2) Here, abandoned cars don’t just sit and rust, they are swallowed by the jungle.
(3) The cause, they claimed, was emissions from the mine's sulphuric acid factory as well as outflow from mountains of rust-red waste, dumped over 15 years with little concern for the environment.
(4) The bean rust fungus, Uromyces appendiculatus, undergoes thigmotropic differentiation to produce infection structures.
(5) Pain relief is more rapid after electric drill removal; this is probably related to the complete removal of the rust.
(6) And no wonder: unemployment in the Garden State is at a 35-year high of 9.8% – the fourth-worst in the nation – and unlike in the Rust Belt states or other hard-hit regions, in Jersey unemployment is still climbing .
(7) Hill, who cut an unusual touchline figure in green jacket and rust cords, preferred to praise Wednesday for the quality of their set plays rather than blast his defenders for their inability to defend them.
(8) Worse, pests like the berry borer beetle and leaf rust fungus are flourishing as the world warms.
(9) The rusted bike was found in a large white container where its owner, Ikuo Yokoyama, had kept it.
(10) Mr X invested money into buying old equipment from other abandoned coal mines – this was not difficult because abandoned mines with rusting equipment are not in short supply in North Korea today.
(11) This week a beachcomber in British Columbia found a moving crate containing a rusting Harley-Davidson motorcycle registered to Japan's Miyagi prefecture, which absorbed the brunt of the tsunami.
(12) One white lump sits beside the rusted-out remains of a bucket.
(13) In the glow of the thing's own flame they saw edificial flanks, the concrete and rust of them, the iron of the pylon barnacled, shaggy with benthic growth now lank gelatinous bunting.
(14) The Trump vote contained rednecks and inhabitants of the rust belt, just as south Wales and Sunderland turned out for Brexit – but in neither case was that the whole story.
(15) The best actress award Last year Marion Cotillard's turn in Jacques Audiard's Rust & Bone , as a waterpark trainer who loses her legs, was beaten to the best actress award by two troubled nuns in Romanian drama Beyond the Hills.
(16) Basidiomycetes, a complex and common group of fungi, which include mushrooms, rusts, smuts, brackets, and puffballs, have not been well studied.
(17) Naturally, insider accounts suggest electoral calculation : Trump reckoned that the people who put him in the White House, especially blue collar workers in the rust-belt states, have long seen global warming as a con.
(18) We cannot let that happen.” “He says he has foreign policy experience because he ran the Miss Universe pageant in Russia,” she said, adding at another point in the speech: “This isn’t reality television, this is actual reality.” Later, Clinton added: “It is not hard to see how a Trump presidency could lead to a global economic crisis.” The former secretary of state’s speech, staged in front of a wall of US flags, rebutted a foreign policy address Trump made in April in which he promised to save “humanity itself” and “shake the rust off America’s foreign policy”.
(19) Where other politicians might be accused of dog-whistle politics, Trump was broadcasting at a frequency accessible to all, exploiting the nation’s three biggest weaknesses: rust, race and ignorance.
(20) Steel surfaces can be treated with zinc and chromates to prevent the steel from rusting.