(n.) The most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic weight 55.9. Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances.
(n.) An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
(n.) Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
(n.) Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with a rod of iron.
(n.) Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust.
(n.) Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.
(n.) Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.;
(n.) Rude; hard; harsh; severe.
(n.) Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution.
(n.) Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will.
(n.) Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious.
(v. t.) To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes used with out.
(v. t.) To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff.
(v. t.) To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.
Example Sentences:
(1) The hypothesis that proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis was tested using U937 mononuclear phagocytes as targets and iron together with hydrogen peroxide to generate radicals.
(2) The most successful dyes were phenocyanin TC, gallein, fluorone black, alizarin cyanin BB and alizarin blue S. Celestin blue B with an iron mordant is quite successful if properly handled to prevent gelling of solutions.
(3) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(4) The specific activities of extracts from cells grown under phototrophic and aerobic conditions were similar and not affected by the concentration of iron in the growth media.
(5) In the 153 women to whom iron supplements were given during pregnancy, the initial fall in haemoglobin concentration was less, was arrested by 28 weeks gestation and then rose to a level equivalent to the booking level.
(6) Typically the iron-iron axis (gz) of the binuclear iron-sulfur clusters is in the membrane plane.
(7) Increased iron levels in basal ganglia were generally associated with normal or elevated levels of ferritin immunoreactivity, for example, the substantia nigra in PSP and possibly MSA, and in putamen in MSA.
(8) Lead levels in contents and shells of eggs laid by hens dosed with all-lead shot were about twice those in eggs laid by hens dosed with lead-iron shot.
(9) Dietary factors affect intestinal P450s markedly--iron restriction rapidly decreased intestinal P450 to beneath detectable values; selenium deficiency acted similarly but was less effective; Brussels sprouts increased intestinal AHH activity 9.8-fold, ECOD activity 3.2-fold, and P450 1.9-fold; fried meat and dietary fat significantly increased intestinal EROD activity; a vitamin A-deficient diet increased, and a vitamin A-rich diet decreased intestinal P450 activities; and excess cholesterol in the diet increased intestinal P450 activity.
(10) Since iron from fortified formulas is well absorbed during the first three months of life, even if it is not immediately used for hemoglobin formation, an inccrease in the iron stores will occur...
(11) Dietary intakes, measured by three 24-hour recalls, revealed that protein, iron and Vitamin C generally met or exceeded the Nutrition Recommendations for age.
(12) This is a struggle for the survival of our nation.” As ever, after Trump’s media dressing-down, his operation was quick to fit a velvet glove to an iron fist.
(13) Ten weeks of iron therapy was not, however, long enough to increase iron stores.
(14) With both approaches, carbohydrate and fat had little influence whereas egg albumin had a significant inhibitory effect on the absorption of nonheme iron.
(15) The protein quality and iron bioavailability of mechanically deboned turkey meat (MDT) and hand-deboned turkey meat (HDT) were determined in rats.
(16) Serum levels of vitamins A and E, zinc and iron were determined in healthy control subjects and lepromatous leprosy patients belonging to an eastern state of India.
(17) Ferric iron in aqueous solution was used as an iron-only control.
(18) The implications of inhibition of protein kinase C by adriamycin-iron(III) are discussed.
(19) The duodenal mucosa of genotypically normal iron replete and iron deficient mice and mice with sex-linked (sla) and microcytic anemias (mk) was examined for the presence of iron-binding proteins.
(20) Ferredoxin reductase (Fd-reductase) supplies reducing equivalents obtained from NADPH to mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzymes via the small iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin.
Siderosis
Definition:
(n.) A sort of pneumonia occuring in iron workers, produced by the inhalation of particles of iron.
Example Sentences:
(1) A conclusion was made of inappropriateness of the use of iron combined with other preparations in view of numerous cases of side-effects and danger of the development of siderosis of internal organs as a result of erroneous drug administration.
(2) Diagnostic x-ray spectrometry confirmed siderosis in one patient and ruled out metallosis in the two patients with deteriorated vision for reasons that were unrelated to metallosis.
(3) Arc welders' pneumoconiosis appears to be more than a benign siderosis resulting from particulate iron deposition.
(4) This parallelism indicates that the siderosis is pathophysiologically related to the defect of erythropoiesis observed in malignant disease.
(5) The quantitative and qualitative study in electron microscopy of hepatic fragments taken in apparently healthy collaterals of idiopathic hemochromatosis, shows the presence of siderosis, undetectable by Perls reaction comparatively with normal liver samples.
(6) In all 34 liver biopsies a variable degree of siderosis was found (PCT-group vs. HCC-group: NS).
(7) In detail, the patterns of iron storage in the bone-marrow are described in the different stages of iron deficiency, disturbance of iron utilization in chronically inflammatory processes or tumour diseases, condition after intravenous iron administration, transfusion siderosis, hereditary haemochromatosis and sideroblastic anaemia.
(8) It was retained in the ciliary body region for a very long time without causing siderosis.
(9) The course of a patient suffering from superficial siderosis of the central nervous system for 37 years is presented and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are evaluated.
(10) Continued blood losses lead to residual endothelial siderosis after exhaustion of macrophageal iron and recurrence of iron deficiency anaemia.
(11) It is felt that these factors are probably responsible for the extrahepatic parenchymal deposits of iron sometimes found in Bantu subjects with siderosis.
(12) Hematological examination including liver and bone marrow biopsies gave no support for the existence of systemic siderosis.
(13) A correlation (p less than 0.02; chi-squared method) was found between increased serum ferritin levels and HBV infection, suggesting a possible relationship between liver siderosis and HBV clearance.
(14) Inhalation of iron compounds causes siderosis, a pneumoconiosis with little or no fibrosis.
(15) The results are supporting that "lung siderosis" in welders is associated with slight functional deterioration in the type of interstitial lung diseases.
(16) We present 2 cases of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system secondary to chronic subarachnoid bleeding.
(17) Histologically, siderosis of the liver was moderate in rats fed the diet with 0.71% iron but was severe in rats fed the diet with 1.23% iron and most severe in those without spleens.
(18) A case of multiple Glisson's capsule phleboliths is reported in a 29-year-old-woman who had portal vein obstruction with spontaneous shunting resulting in hepatic siderosis and cirrhosis.
(19) This confirms the specificity of the findings concerning the behaviour of the transferrin receptor in secondary siderosis.
(20) Liver cirrhosis and fibrosis and possibly pancreatic siderosis are additional factors to be considered.