(n.) The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.
Example Sentences:
(1) The Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) is a dissecting system that removes tissue by vibration, irrigation and suction; fluid and particulate matter from tumors are aspirated and subsquently deposited in a canister.
(2) Arthrotomy with continuous irrigation appears to be more effective in decreasing long-term residual effects than arthrotomy alone.
(3) The compatibility with Gentamycin solution used for irrigation of the anterior chamber of the eye was studied in experiments performed on rabbits.
(4) Ninety-two per cent of patients who irrigated their colostomies gained fecal continence.
(5) In the external ear canal, residual water from caloric testing or any other irrigation may act to simulate a conductive hearing loss and interfere with subsequent auditory brainstem response recording leading to increased latencies and reduced amplitudes.
(6) On Day 3, dogs with patent grafts underwent wound debridement, irrigation, and closure, and the treatment to which they had been randomized was carried out.
(7) Wastewater from Mexico city is used to irrigate over 85 000 hectares, mainly of fodder and cereal crops in the Mezquital Valley.
(8) Irrigation of the vessels is not done, but an intravenous bolus of 3,000 U. of heparin is given when the anastomoses are completed.
(9) The first village, Gezirat El-Maabda, has a basin system of irrigation.
(10) Finally, there is access to the biliary tree for daily irrigation, radiography, and cultures.
(11) The same protocol for irrigating the wound and relieving pressure was followed for both dressing groups.
(12) 19 critically ill adults with acute mediastinitis after cardiac surgery were treated with granulated sugar, either directly (11 patients) or after failure of continuous irrigation (8 patients).
(13) The purpose of this study was to investigate different types of irrigation systems and to record pressures and flows in a joint model.
(14) In the older Gezira-Managil irrigation system nearby, where transmission had not been controlled there was also little S. haematobium but the prevalence of S. mansoni in school-aged children was rising above 70%.
(15) To attempt to improve survival, the most critically ill 14 (of 32 total) newborns with NEC and perforation underwent planned second-look laparotomy 24 to 36 hours after initial exploration to reassess questionably viable bowel and resect if necessary, irrigate purulent material, and search for further perforation.
(16) The method is simple and rapid and it helps to determine the correct time for the withdrawal of the irrigation tube in individual patients.
(17) Oral irrigation is an approved procedure in periodontal prophylaxis and therapy.
(18) Changes were not seen in endothelial cell density after irrigation with any of the solutions evaluated.
(19) A partial-thickness limbal corneal flap provided access to an intrastromal limbal pocket through which the subconjunctival space was entered with an irrigating cystotome.
(20) Operative enterotomy and irrigation was successful in three cases while resection and enterostomy was done in nine.
Trough
Definition:
(n.) A long, hollow vessel, generally for holding water or other liquid, especially one formed by excavating a log longitudinally on one side; a long tray; also, a wooden channel for conveying water, as to a mill wheel.
(n.) Any channel, receptacle, or depression, of a long and narrow shape; as, trough between two ridges, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These observations were confirmed by the killing curves in pooled serum obtained at peak and trough levels.
(2) Plasma aldosterone peaked (p < 0.05) at 22 hours after operation, and argine vasopressin peaked (p < 0.05) at two hours and then declined (p < 0.05) to a trough at 24 hours.
(3) Our observations demonstrated that echographic coaptation of the aortic valve leaflets coincides with the trough of the aortic pressure incisura and the onset of A2.
(4) The goal of the expedition, led by Prof Ken Takai of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, was to study the limits of life at deep-sea vents in the Cayman Trough as part of a round-the-world voyage of discovery by the research ship RV Yokosuka .
(5) IDDM in Canterbury, New Zealand, presents in cycles of incidence peaks and troughs, each spanning 2-3 yr.
(6) No IgE circadian rhythm was validated in healthy children while a large amplitude (approximately equal to 30% of the 24 hours mean) circadian rhythm with 2 diurnal peaks and a nocturnal trough was demonstrated (P less than 0.0023) in the asthmatics.
(7) Trough levels of LH, however, are dependent on the frequency of LHRH-induced pulsatile LH secretion.
(8) Appropriate conditions for administering the drug by intravenous drip infusion to neonates and infants at ages of more than 1 week were investigated taking observed blood levels and achieved peak levels and trough levels calculated using the one-compartment open model into account.
(9) Dose limiting toxicities were observed in 9 of 10 patients with 12-h trough piritrexim concentrations greater than 0.5 microM, whereas only 2 of 7 patients with trough concentrations less than 0.5 microM experienced dose limiting toxicities.
(10) Both free and luciferase-bound B show similar negative circular dichroism in the region 330-475 nm with troughs at 375 and 380 nm, respectively.
(11) Whole blood steady-state trough concentrations of cyclosporine were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and TDx assays employing monoclonal antibodies in 82 samples from 39 renal transplant patients.
(12) Regression analysis also showed a strong relationship between the area under the curve (AUC) from time 0 to 11 hours after the initial dose and the trough at steady state (r = 0.86).
(13) algebraic sum of these three cosine functions yielded a circadian waveform with peak-times occurring near 0300 and 1130 hr and a trough-time about 2200 hr.
(14) Group I represented the modified "over-the-top" technique with a deep cancellous bone trough and represented the most isometric tracking.
(15) Circular dichroic spectra of the lipophorins and apolipophorin from 190 to 250 nm showed a single trough at 218 nm and a peak at 194 nm.
(16) • The best ideas are tested by their peaks and troughs.
(17) During the estrous cycle, mitotic activity of the granulosa cells was highest at estrus in follicles less than 601 micron, and at diestrus in follicles greater than 600 micron; while the mitotic trough was at proestrus in all the follicles.
(18) Data analysis revealed a seasonal pattern in the monthly distribution of births, with the peak period observed during April-June, and a trough during November-January.
(19) The issues in CsA monitoring include selection of sample matrix, analytical method, dosing interval and the timing of trough measurements, the temporal relationship between measurements and physiological events such as toxicity, the concurrent presence of multiple other immunosuppressive agents, and the lack of "gold standards" for determining rejection, adequate immunosuppression, and toxicity.
(20) The addition of LTB4 to the microsomal fraction gave a type-I spectral change with a peak at around 390 nm and a trough at 422 nm, indicating a direct interaction of LTB4 with the cytochrome P-450.