What's the difference between isomer and quinidine?
Isomer
Definition:
(n.) A body or compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a member of an isomeric series.
Example Sentences:
(1) An unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli was grown with a series of cis-octadecenoate isomers in which the location of the double bond varied from positions 3 to 17.
(2) Fluorination with [18F]acetylhypofluorite yields 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa with 95% radiochemical purity; fluorination of the same substrate with [18F]F2 yields a mixture of all three structural isomers in a ratio of 70:16:14 for 6-, 5-, and 2-fluoro compounds.
(3) The cis isomer was retained longer in liver, particularly in mitochondria, but had low retention in that portion of the endoplasmic reticulum isolated as the rough membrane fraction.
(4) The purity and configuration of each isomer of the free acid and N-chloroacetylated derivative were ascertained by: (a) paper chromatography in five solvent systems, (b) elemental analysis, (c) Van Slyke nitrous acid determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (d) Van Slyke ninhydrin determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (e) optical rotation.
(5) The stronger negative potentials may weaken electrostatic receptor interactions and, thereby, cause the trans(E)-isomers to be less active than cis(Z)-isomers.
(6) The identity of each of the three forms was determined by carboxymethylation of the free cysteines in each isomer with [3H]iodoacetic acid followed by determination of the labelled cysteines by tryptic peptide mapping.
(7) In contrast to the enantiomeric discrimination observed with racemic amine, the individual isomers were metabolized at approximately the same rate.
(8) To further assess different binding behavior of these two isomers, association rate was measured.
(9) None of the 3 beta- or 5 beta-isomers had any effect.
(10) Isomers and epimers of glucose influence insulin and cAMP in a parallel fashion as do sulfonylurea compounds (tolbutamide and glibenclamide).
(11) Bioaccumulation experiments were performed on the hexachlorocyclohexane isomers alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH and delta-HCH, testing them simultaneously.
(12) Although serum total LDH activity was not altered, the LD5 isoenzyme was proportionately higher in the HCH isomers treated animals.
(13) Racemic verapamil and the L- and D-isomer increased cellular vincristine accumulation to the same extent.
(14) The hypothesis that opiate agonism requires an N substituent in the axial position does not appear to be consistent with the increased potency of beta isomers in which axial N substituents are thermodynamically more unstable.
(15) In the case of adducts with the diol-epoxides of benzo[c]phenanthrene, the energetically most favored structures are isomers with significant biological activity.
(16) Liver regeneration was stimulated in male rats with two-thirds of the liver removed by feeding a basal diet supplemented with acetaminophen (0.35-1.5%; weight basis), 2-acetamidophenol (1.0%) and acetophenetidin (1.0%) over a period of 10 days po, but was in the control range with the m-isomer, 3-acetamidophenol (1.0%), N-butyryl-p-aminophenol (1.0%), o-, m- and p-aminophenols (0.50%) and 4-acetamidothiophenol.
(17) However, exposure of the cells to either of the two isomers of azoxy-procarbazine led to significant DNA damage and cytotoxicity.
(18) 1"-Oxobufuralol (3) was reduced with a complex of (2S)-(-)-2-amino-3-methyl-1,1-diphenylbutan-1-ol and borane, yielding 2, which had a 95:5 ratio of the possible 1"R and 1"S isomers as determined by HPLC.
(19) As the two signals had the same intensities, it was suggested that equivalent amounts of cis and trans isomers of the alkenylmether were formed.
(20) The most important recent work has concerned the different anticoagulant potencies and metabolic pathways of the optical isomers of some of these drugs.
Quinidine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloid isomeric with, and resembling, quinine, found in certain species of cinchona, from which it is extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; conchinine. It is used somewhat as a febrifuge.
Example Sentences:
(1) The antiarrhythmic activity similar to that of quinidine (with ca.
(2) Antihistone antibodies, which are characteristic of drug-induced lupus erythematosus associated with procainamide and hydralazine therapy, were detected in all patients with quinidine-induced lupus erythematosus.
(3) It is felt that the use of quinidine was causally related to the development of nephrotic syndrome in this patient.
(4) Microsomal metabolites were also isolated from quinine and quinidine incubations with rabbit or guinea pig liver fractions.
(5) Six healthy male subjects received single oral doses of regular release (RR) quinidine sulfate, sustained release (SR) quinidine bisulfate and the same dose of the SR product with food (SR-F).
(6) Quinidine gluconate 324 mg sustained release tablets (Quinaglute) was administered as a single dose to 15 healthy male subjects following an overnight fast, immediately following a high fat (HF) breakfast or immediately following a low fat (LF) breakfast.
(7) 1 The actions of 2-n-propyl-4-p-tolylamino-1,2,3-benzotriazinium iodide (TnPBI) and quinidine were compared on guinea-pig heart preparations.
(8) Extracardiac adverse effects of quinidine include potentially intolerable gastrointestinal effects and hypersensitivity reactions such as fever, rash, blood dyscrasias and hepatitis.
(9) Studies in normal volunteers have shown that areas under the serum concentration-time curve of orally administered quinidine are higher when quinidine is given during chronic cimetidine therapy as compared to under control conditions.
(10) Mild to moderate renal dysfunction is less likely to lead to quinidine or disopyramide intoxication, unless renal failure is severe or concurrent hepatic dysfunction is present.
(11) Quinidine, the stereoisomer of quinine, had no effect on either cells from the patient or normal cells.
(12) The clinical application of the method for routine drug monitoring and for estimating the pharmacokinetics of quinine and quinidine in man are discussed.
(13) As regards inhibition, on the other hand, there is now considerable information available which indicates that omeprazole has the potential to partly inhibit the metabolism of drugs metabolised to a great extent by the cytochrome P450 enzyme subfamily IIC (diazepam, phenytoin), but not of those metabolised by subfamilies IA (caffeine, theophylline), IID (metoprolol, propranolol) and IIIA (cyclosporin, lidocaine, quinidine).
(14) Quinidine and procainamide but particularly the last two agents also markedly prolonged overdrive suppression.
(15) Although the ventricular effective refractory period measured with a conventional basic drive train duration of eight beats is often more than 20 msec longer than the actual ventricular effective refractory period measured with a drive train duration of 3 minutes, the effects of quinidine and mexiletine on the conventionally measured ventricular effective refractory period accurately reflect the effects of these drugs on the actual ventricular effective refractory period.
(16) Efforts were directed towards sensitizing CML cells to ADR and mitoxanthrone (MITO) cytotoxicity by employing quinidine, an antiarhythmic agent.
(17) A partial depolarization of the resting membrane by increasing extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) from 4 to 8 mM potentiated UDB at 2 Hz stimulation by any of the following drugs: pirmenol (10 microM), disopyramide (20 microM), pentisomide (50 microM), quinidine (20 microM), mexiletine (30 microM), and flecainide (5 microM).
(18) It is concluded that different potencies among these beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists against various kinds of experimental arrhythmias cannot be simply deduced from any one of the following properties; beta-adrenoreceptor antagonism, intrinsic myocardial stimulation, local anaesthetic and so-called quinidine-like effects.
(19) Identity, reproducibility and accuracy of the theophylline and quinidine concentrations measurement using fluorescence-polarization immunoassay constituted 1.4-3.5%, 2.0-8.5% and 95-109%, respectively, thus satisfying the high requirements and were superior as compared with corresponding parameters of the enzyme immunoassay.
(20) Theophylline may also affect quinidine CLi by inhibiting the carrier-mediated pathway.