What's the difference between isotropy and symmetry?

Isotropy


Definition:

  • (n.) Uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body; absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in all directions.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) It has been demonstrated the reorganization of structure of locus coeruleus in the animals treated intracisternally with 300 micrograms of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) which selectively causes the lesion in catecholaminergic system using the method of quantitative estimation of the degree of uniformity and isotropy of structures.
  • (2) In our previous studies we assumed isotropy of the myocardium and linear ventricular gradient.
  • (3) Scaling (i) the three-blob alignment results with estimates of the cortical magnification factor and (ii) the two-blob separation discrimination results with their corresponding neural blur parameter shows an impressive isotropy and blur scale-invariance for the mechanisms mediating differential spatial displacement discrimination across the visual field.
  • (4) Measurements on the polished surface lead to numerical values of a number of parameters characteristic of the surface patterns, such as the relative surface occupied by bone, the mean widths of the trabecular sections, the mean path lengths through the bone or marrow, and a number representing the departure from isotropy of the pattern.
  • (5) These results support the validity of our previous cardiac model in which we assumed isotropy of the myocardium and the homogenous ventricular gradient.
  • (6) The calculated deformation field varies smoothly over space and time and is not constrained by assumptions of isotropy or piecewise homogeneity.
  • (7) For all seven specimens, the model of transverse isotropy provided a better fit of the data than that of isotropy.
  • (8) Quality is compared also in terms of isotropy of the texture and the appropriate blue-noise characteristics in areas of uniform gray tone.
  • (9) The thermodynamic restrictions on the elastic coefficients of linear orthotropic elasticity and linear transversely isotropy elasticity are recorded and it is shown that previously reported data for the elastic orthotropic constants of bone satisfy these thermodynamic restrictions.
  • (10) Results indicate that while the elastic behavior of the aortic wall is globally anisotropic, there exists a state of deformation at which the vessel displays incremental isotropy.
  • (11) It was also shown that this upper-lower temporal anisotropy (and left-right isotropy) is paralleled by a similar disparity-dependent upper-lower anistropy (and left-right isotropy) in spatial resolution.
  • (12) It is shown that it is necessary to give up the usual assumption of homogeneity and isotropy in the extracellular medium.
  • (13) The maximum value of the tangent of the phase angle (tan Delta(max)) is known to be a function of the isotropy of the depolarizing motions.
  • (14) The annulus fibrosus is modelled either as nonhomogeneous fibre reinforced composite or alternatively as homogeneous orthotropic with transverse isotropy.
  • (15) Furthermore, the visceral pleura studied appears to be inelastic and to exhibit in-plane isotropy.
  • (16) The improvements we make on Vito's model are: (i) Vito assumed that the elastic materials which constitute the model 'heart' and 'pericardium' are isotropic; we relax this assumption to that of transverse-isotropy.
  • (17) Considering cartilage to be an elastic material with homogeneity and isotropy, we calculated elastic moduli for femoral, tibial, and patellar cartilages using instant and 15-s deformations after load application.
  • (18) By modeling the substance as a series of lines oriented in particular directions, it is possible to arrive at either a "phase distribution" that expresses the degree of orientation distributed over a range of angles or a series of "primary orientations" that express the degree of orientation at a select number of angles, with an additional measure of the degree of isotropy.
  • (19) Esploratory studies suggested a similar up-down anisotropy and left-right isotropy in spatial resolution.
  • (20) For infinitesimal strains and material isotropy, the stress-strain relationship for the total mixture stress is sigma = - pI-TcI + lambda s(trE)I + 2 musE, where E is the strain tensor and (lambda s, mu s) are the Lamé constants of the elastic solid matrix.

Symmetry


Definition:

  • (n.) A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each other; adaptation of the form or dimensions of the several parts of a thing to each other; the union and conformity of the members of a work to the whole.
  • (n.) The law of likeness; similarity of structure; regularity in form and arrangement; orderly and similar distribution of parts, such that an animal may be divided into parts which are structurally symmetrical.
  • (n.) Equality in the number of parts of the successive circles in a flower.
  • (n.) Likeness in the form and size of floral organs of the same kind; regularity.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) By adjustment to the swaying movements of the horse, the child feels how to retain straightening alignment, symmetry and balance.
  • (2) Models with a C8-symmetry and D4-symmetry can be ruled out.
  • (3) This lack of symmetry in shape and magnitude may be due to non-sphericity of the skull over the temporal region or to variations in conductivities of intervening tissues.
  • (4) Subjects with high ocular-dominance scores (right- or left-dominant subjects) showed for the green stimulus asymmetric behavior, while subjects with low ocular-dominance scores showed a tendency toward symmetry in perception.
  • (5) The 3' end of the cell cycle regulated mRNA terminates immediately following the region of hyphenated dyad symmetry typical of most histone mRNAs, whereas the constitutively expressed mRNA has a 1798 nt non-translated trailer that contains the same region of hyphenated dyad symmetry but is polyadenylated.
  • (6) US clearly images the cartilaginous femoral head and enables accurate assessment of hip size, shape, and symmetry.
  • (7) Termination of sar RNA synthesis occurs after transcription of the first and second Ts of a TTTA sequence following a region of hyphenated dyad symmetry.
  • (8) In this paper, a CD study is reported on the reconstitution of horse heart myoglobin with protoheme XIII, a heme possessing true rotational symmetry about its alpha, gamma-meso axis.
  • (9) A significant symmetry (trochanteric-trochanteric or cervical-cervical) was found between the first and the second hip fractures (69 per cent).
  • (10) We discuss the role of symmetry operations in mode calculations and the relevance of these displacement vectors to the interpretation of linear dichroism measurements performed on the A- and B-DNA helix.
  • (11) This symmetry, with respect to the sign of the charge, indicates that discreteness-of-charge effects are not significant in determining the potential-sensitive phase partitioning of these probes in model membranes.
  • (12) In 14 patients with asymmetrical baseline VERs, hypercapnia caused improvement of symmetry in five, worsening in three, and no change in six.
  • (13) Using a symmetry argument it is shown that the critical internal pressure for the initiation of yielding of the envelope material has a non-uniform distribution and is significantly higher for the polar regions.
  • (14) (2) The four EF hands are arranged in two pairs with overall symmetry, 222.
  • (15) Three viruses (Ff, IKe, and If1) all have five-start helices with rotation angles of 36 degrees and axial translations of 16 A (Type I symmetry), and three other viruses (Pf1, Xf, and Pf3) all have one-start helices with rotation angles of approximately equal to 67 degrees and translations of approximately 3 A (Type II symmetry).
  • (16) This section was characterized by its axial rotation, deviation of its midpoint from the spinal axis, and area symmetry about the midpoint.
  • (17) These centres do not control the nature of the nystagmic movement that consists of a slow and a fast components, the combined movements of the right and left eyes, the direction of the nystagmus, the range and the nature marking the distribution of the maximal movement and of the most frequent movements during the action of the stimulus and the symmetry of the labyrinthine function.
  • (18) Taking advantage of structural symmetries may critically improve the convergence while refining the target molecule or its building blocks.
  • (19) As such, the finite size of the cellular membrane, as well as its precise symmetry, could not be incorporated into the previous studies.
  • (20) Similarly, the formation of spatial dissipative structures by coupling of a transport process with an interfacial reaction was investigated as a simple experimental example of symmetry breaking.

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