(1) The results support the speculation that the product of SELD is a phosphoselenoate with the phosphate moiety derived phosphoselenoate from the gamma-phosphate group of ATP.
(2) The biological activities of the wild type and mutant proteins were studied using E. coli MB08 (selD-) transformed with plasmids containing the selD genes.
(3) Purified SELD protein is a monomer of 37 kDa in its native state and catalyses a selenium-dependent ATP-cleavage reaction delivering AMP and releasing the beta-phosphate as orthophosphate.
(4) Moreover, synthesis of enzymically active protein in a transformed E. coli selD mutant strain indicated that there is a nonspecific mechanism of selenocysteine incorporation.
(5) Transformation of the mutant Salmonella strain with a plasmid bearing the E. coli selD gene restored formate dehydrogenase activity, 75Se incorporation into formate dehydrogenase seleno-polypeptides and [75Se]seleno-tRNA synthesis.
(6) Mutation of a single gene, referred to as selA1 in Salmonella typhimurium and as selD in Escherichia coli, results in the inability of these organisms to insert selenium specifically into the selenopolypeptides of formate dehydrogenase and into the 2-selenouridine residues of tRNAs.
(7) The formation of selenocysteine depended on the presence of functional products of the selA and selD genes but not of the selB gene.
(8) 4) SELD however, was accompanied by the longer duration of surgery with more blood loss and by higher incidence of complications, than conventional R2, R3 dissection.
(9) This fact seems to warrant SELD for advanced gastric cancer.
(10) Complementation of the mutation in S. typhimurium with the selD gene from E. coli indicates functional identity of the selA1 and selD genes.
(11) For male Ss, verbal reinforcement increased self-disclosure relative to the interviewer seld-disclosure condition.
(12) In the absence of the complementary enzyme(s), the SELD protein catalyzes the synthesis of a labile selenium donor compound from selenide and ATP.
(13) The longer initiated just upstream of the orf183 gene, whereas the 5' end of the other mapped in a 116-bp nontranslated region between orf183 and selD.
(14) Four genes have been identified so far: selA and selB (at the fdhA locus), selC (previously fdhC), and selD (previously fdhB).
(15) It was precluded that any putative covalent or non-covalent ligand of SELD not removed during purification participated in the reaction.
(16) However, supplementation of the deficient enzyme preparation with the purified selD gene product (SELD protein) restored synthesis of seleno-tRNAs.
(17) Transformation with an additional plasmid carrying an E. coli formate dehydrogenase selenopolypeptide-lacZ gene fusion showed that the selD gene allowed readthrough of the UGA codon and synthesis of beta-galactosidase in the Salmonella mutant.
(18) The selD gene from Escherichia coli, whose product is involved in selenium metabolism, has been cloned and sequenced.
(19) Gene disruption experiments demonstrated that the SelD protein is required both for the incorporation of selenium into the modified nucleoside 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine of tRNA and for the biosynthesis of selenocysteine from an L-serine residue esterbonded to tRNA(Ser)(UCA).
(20) One hundred and sixty three cases of gastric cancer, treated with SELD is reviewed.