(n.) An oil used for illuminating purposes, formerly obtained from the distillation of mineral wax, bituminous shale, etc., and hence called also coal oil. It is now produced in immense quantities, chiefly by the distillation and purification of petroleum. It consists chiefly of several hydrocarbons of the methane series.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results strongly suggest that secondary bacterial infection following kerosene-induced pneumonitis is rare.
(2) Results indicate that the primate brain is resistent to the direct toxic effects of kerosene.
(3) The most important causes of acute poisoning were kerosene (59%) and traditional medicines (15.8%).
(4) Baboons were utilized to investigate the clinicopathologic effects of kerosene, given via various routes, on the primate brain.
(5) Assimilation of kerosene and hexadecane was optimal at pH 2 and was stimulated by yeast extract.
(6) Guinea pigs were exposed to kerosene aerosol and compared to controls exposed to atmospheric air.
(7) Those using kerosene suffered more than those using gas (22.2% as compared to 9.2%) Lung functions (FVC, FEVI) were lowest in Parel for males and in Maravali for females.
(8) On the other hand, the bronchoconstrictive effect of kerosene in guinea pigs and rabbits was not modified by the previous treatment with mepyramine or triamcinolone respectively.
(9) Kerosene exposure induced cytologic and biochemical changes in the pulmonary washings of guinea pigs.
(10) The biochemical mechanisms involved in the bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness induced by the acute inhalation of aerosol of kerosene in experimental animals and the inflammatory changes induced by subchronic inhalation of the aerosol or smoke of kerosene were investigated.
(11) Kerosene pressure stove accidents occurred commonly in the age group 16-35 years and were rare in other age groups.
(12) Must read If I'm on fire in a well full of kerosene, then the emergency ladder release instructions are a "must read".
(13) Investigations showed that the explosions occurred due to petrol contamination of the kerosene before delivery to the domestic users.
(14) Photograph: Dan Chung for the Guardian For the one in five of the world's population who live off the electricity grid, Eliasson hopes that it will change lives, allowing people to read, work and interact at a fraction of the cost, over time, of using kerosene lamps.
(15) The carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in the women using the three types of fuel (mean (SEM) concentration 7.49% [corrected] (0.67%) for kerosene, 15.74% (0.83%) for biomass fuel, and 17.16% (0.62%) for liquified petroleum gas, compared with 3.52% (0.33%) in the control subjects.
(16) Repeated exposure to kerosene produced histologic changes in the foot pad skin and popliteal lymph nodes of mice and systemic toxic manifestations such as variation in hematologic profile, significant decreases in relative weight of thymus, spleen and abdominal lymph nodes and altered histology.
(17) Young healthy albino male mice were subjected to repeated exposure to kerosene by wrapping each of their hind feet with a muslin cloth (1 x 10 cm) wetted with kerosene (0.1 ml).
(18) It would still cost more than kerosene to buy, but that would be balanced by the expected financial value of the carbon saving it delivers.
(19) There’s a lot of them.” Other people on the waiting list for new homes – wooden bungalows or trailers – are what she calls “burn downs”, whose homes were destroyed by fire from candles, kerosene heaters or pot belly stoves.
(20) Seven components of gasoline (isopentane, n-pentane, 2-methylpentane, benzene, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane and toluene) and five of kerosene (xylene, C9H20, mesitylene, pseudocumene and C11H24) were chosen as indicators with a coefficient of variation of 5-24%.
Naphtha
Definition:
(n.) The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called crude petroleum, mineral oil, or rock oil. Specifically: That portion of the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine, and has a specific gravity of about 0.7, -- used as a solvent for varnishes, as a carburetant, illuminant, etc.
(n.) One of several volatile inflammable liquids obtained by the distillation of certain carbonaceous materials and resembling the naphtha from petroleum; as, Boghead naphtha, from Boghead coal (obtained at Boghead, Scotland); crude naphtha, or light oil, from coal tar; wood naphtha, from wood, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) Acute toxicity studies using rats and rabbits compared the effects of naphtha, Jet-A, JP-4, diesel and "residual" distillate fractions of both petroleum derived crude oils and hydrotreated shale oil.
(2) A program was initiated to assess the toxicological properties of high-flash aromatic naphtha since there may be human exposure through inhalation or external body contact.
(3) The acute toxicity of three materials derived from Athabasca Oil Sands--(1) bitumen plus naphtha, (2) untreated naphtha (0-250 degrees C) and (3) synthetic crude oil (0-500 degrees C)--was assessed in a battery of tests.
(4) Three toddlers mis-swallowed a mouth of cleaning naphtha accidentally.
(5) It is concluded that chronic exposure to this high aromatic naphtha is without systemic toxicity in rats under the conditions of these studies.
(6) Inhalation studies were conducted to assess the subacute and subchronic toxicity of EDS hydrotreated naphtha (HN).
(7) Bitumen plus naphtha administered at a concentration of 1.46 mg l-1 did not cause mortality in exposed rats or mice.
(8) There was little evidence that inhalation exposure to EDS hydrotreated naphtha adversely affected reproductive performance or fetal development in Sprague-Dawley rats.
(9) A unique opportunity was presented to observe the potentially toxic effects of an acute exposure to the vapors of petroleum naphtha distillate on a relatively large number of individuals.
(10) An amount of 5 g of naphtha or fuel oil is diluted to 10 ml with dichloromethane and spiked with a small quantity (ca.
(11) In addition, the nephrotoxic activity observed with the naphtha streams and distillation fraction correlated well with the proportion of branched alkanes contained in each.
(12) A synthetic crude oil, prepared by blending naphtha and light and heavy gas oils, was moderately carcinogenic; however, the activity of this sample fell within the range of values obtained in studies of crude petroleum samples.
(13) One such application is a mixture of predominantly 9-carbon aromatic molecules (C9 aromatics, primarily isomers of ethyltoluene and trimethylbenzene), which is removed and used as a solvent--high-flash aromatic naphtha.
(14) Industrial hygiene measurements showed low-level airborne exposures to organic solvents (primarily naphthas) and minimal airborne exposure to glycol ethers.
(15) One such application is a mixture of predominantly 9-carbon aromatic molecules (C9 aromatics, primarily isomers of ethyltoluene and trimethylbenzene), which is removed and used as a solvent--High Flash Aromatic Naphtha.
(16) 5-Isothiocyanato-1,3-dioxo-2-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benz[de]isoquinoline (= 5-isothio-cyanato-1,8-naphthalenedicarbox-4-methylphenylimide, compd.5) was synthesized from 1H,3H-naphtho(1,8-cd)pyran-1,3-dione (= 1,8-naphtha-lenedicarboxylic anhydride, compd.1) through nitration, condensation with p-toluidine, reduction with tin(II)-chloride yielding 5-amino-1,3-dioxo-2-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benz(de)isoquino-line (4) as intermediate, and condensation with thiophosgene.
(17) Untreated naphtha administered at a concentration of 10.6 mg l-1 was lethal to essentially all of the mice; but only two rats died.
(18) Cleaning naphtha, a product of Chinese Petroleum Corporation, is a complex hydrocarbon mixture which contains mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons.
(19) The central nervous system depression described in acute exposure cases of the intact (not distillate) petroleum naphtha fumes was not observed in any of this series.
(20) The study population included 59 women who had been exposed to petroleum naphtha and toluene and 24 age-matched control women.