(n.) One of a large class of organic substances resembling the aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic acids and consisting of carbonyl (CO) united with two hydrocarbon radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids having a pungent ethereal odor.
Example Sentences:
(1) The enzyme was solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified approximately 480-fold by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on alanine methyl ketone-AH-Sepharose 4B.
(2) Urinalysis revealed a low pH, increased ketones and bilirubin excretion, dark yellowish change in color, the appearance of "leaflet-shaped" crystals and increased red blood cells and epithelial cells in the urinary sediment, increased water intake, decreased specific gravity and decreased sodium, potassium and chloride in the urine.
(3) The infusion of sodium acetoacetate resulted in a 10- to 15-fold increase in circulating concentrations of ketone bodies, which were similar in magnitude in normal subjects and diabetic patients.
(4) Results of repeated visual readings spread over three different color blocks for certain concentrations of glucose, ketone, and protein, whereas repeated instrumental readings were never spread greater than two color blocks.
(5) The plasma concentrations of alanine and proline as well as other amino acids increased as the blood ketone body ratio decreased.
(6) Trifluoromethyl ketone dipeptide analogues are good inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme.
(7) As a conclusion sec-butanol, probably through its metabolite methyl-ethyl-ketone, is the most potent inducer of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in liver and kidney while iso-butanol does not alter total cytochrome P-450.
(8) A model of increased microvascular permeability pulmonary edema was developed in chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep using perilla ketone (PK).
(9) Administration of different brain fuels--glucose, mannose, fructose, or the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate--reduced hippocampal damage induced by coadministration of GCs and either of 2 different neurotoxins (kainic acid and 3-acetylpyridine).
(10) We report the effects of n-alkanols (n-butanol to n-octanol), methyl carboxylic esters (methyl propionate to methyl octanoate) and n-alkyl ketones (2-pentanone to 2-nonanone) on a fast reflex escape response to a mechanical stimulus in Gammarus.
(11) Examination of other potential inhibitors revealed a rank order of potency against calpain to be: peptidyl sulphonium methyl ketones > fluoromethyl ketones, diazomethyl ketones >> acyloxymethyl ketones, an order which differs sharply from that found for cathespin B.
(12) Epigalanthamine, a diastereomer of GAL, was 130-times less potent in vitro in its effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes than the parent compound, and it did not differ significantly from the ketone galanthaminone.
(13) Also, a significant correlation was found between the levels of urine glucose and ketones and the level of acyl carnitine.
(14) This is in contrast to fasting adult dogs, which maintain glucohomeostasis and show only slightly decreased insulin levels, normal glucagon levels and a moderate increase of plasma ketone bodies.
(15) The following processes are discussed in this article: enzyme-catalysed hydrolyses of carboxylic acid esters and amides, phosphate esters, nitriles and epoxides; esterification and inter-esterification reactions catalysed by enzymes; reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols using whole-cell systems or isolated dehydrogenases; oxidation of alicyclic and aromatic substrates using mono-oxygenases and dioxygenases in bacteria and fungi including enzyme-catalysed Baeyer-Villiger oxidations; aldol reactions, formation of optically active cyanohydrins and enzyme-catalysed acyloin type reactions.
(16) The paint base consisted primarily of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone.
(17) Ketonic bodies participate in the power supply of cortex functions of satisfied one-day pigs but their contribution to the nerve tissue power of fasting one-and five-day pigs is insignificant.
(18) Mechanism-based inhibition of myocardial cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 by Compound 1 was established by demonstrating: 1) time-dependent irreversible inactivation; 2) covalent binding of [3H]Compound 1 to the purified phospholipase A2; 3) ablation of covalent binding of [3H]Compound 1 after chemical inactivation of phospholipase A2 enzymic activity; 4) identical inhibition of myocardial phospholipase A2 by Compound 1 in the absence or presence of nucleophilic scavengers; 5) Compound 1 is a substrate for myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2 resulting in the generation of the electrophilic alpha-bromomethyl ketone; 6) phospholipase A2 inhibition requires the in situ generation of the reactive electrophile (i.e.
(19) Inhibition by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone indicates the presence of serine and histidine residues in the active center, respectively.
(20) In addition, adrenal S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and blood ketone bodies were determined Sections of adrenals were evaluated by electron microscopy for histopathological changes.
Oxime
Definition:
(n.) One of a series of isonitroso derivatives obtained by the action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes or ketones.
Example Sentences:
(1) The chemistry involved reaction rate constant measurements of MSF hydrolysis and for reactions with phenolic, amine, oxime, hydroxamic acid, phenyl N-hydroxycarbamate, and hydroxylamine compounds and cupric imidazole and bipyridyl complexes.
(2) 94 subjects, 64 with cerebral ischemia of varying severity and outcome, and 30 controls were studied with technetium-99m hexamethyl propylenamino oxime single photon emission computed tomography in order to evaluate the suitability of this technique in the assessment of cerebral ischemia.
(3) Because of the suspicion that the oximino steroids were acting postcoitally, 17-beta-acetoxy-19-norandrost-4-en-3-one oxime was studied for its postcoital activity in rats.
(4) A radioiodinated derivative of estriol (6-ketoestriol-6(o-carboxymethyl)oxime-[125I]tyrosine methyl ester) is added to the column, followed by a limiting amount of antiserum.
(5) This method is very successful in stability studies on the antibiotics erythromycin oxime and erythromycylamine in an acid medium.
(6) The syntheses of the secondary hydroxylamines of nor1chlorpromazine and nor1promazine via their corresponding primary hydroxylamines and oximes are described.
(7) Fluorometric titrations yielded dissociation constants of 6 and 12.4 MicroM for pyridoxal oxime bound to the native enzyme and 24-kDa fragment, respectively.
(8) A new radiopharmaceutical, 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tcm-HM-PAO) has shown considerable promise for single photon emission tomographic (SPECT) imaging of the brain.
(9) In addition, a preliminary pharmacokinetic study of the imidazolium oxime in rabbits was carried out using this method.
(10) As revealed by comparison of the prophylactic effects of HI-6 and the non-oxime bispyridinium compound SAD-128, competitive inhibition of AChE plays a minor role as a protective mechanism.
(11) In atropine-protected, soman-poisoned mice HLö 7 was three times more potent than HI 6 (protective ratio 5 versus 2.5), and in sarin-poisoned mice HLö 7 was 10 times more potent than HI 6 (protective ratio 8 for both oximes).
(12) We have prepared four new oximes, 1b-e, which conform to the general structure RCH2COCH = NOH where R = CH3S, CH3SO, CH3SO2, and (CH3)2S+, respectively, and have the same E configuration as the parent 2-oxopropanal oxime 1a (R = H, MINA).
(13) The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity of the oxime HGG 12 were studied in conscious and anesthetized dogs.
(14) To study the pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperventilation-induced EEG showing, i.e., the so-called 'buildup' phenomenon, changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were investigated before and during the phenomenon in a 16-year-old woman with headache, thought to be of neurotic origin, by subtraction technique of brain images with single photon emission computed tomography using technetium-99m hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO).
(15) The properties of oxime derivatives of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase with hydroxylamine and 6 compounds H2NOR were studied by absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism in solution and by linear dichroism in crystals.
(16) Single photon emission computerized tomography by Xenon-133 injection and by hexamethyl-propyleneamine-oxim labeled with Technetium-99m showed asymmetric distribution of cerebral blood flow (CBF), with an 18% lower value in the right parietal cortex compared to the left side; this indicated asymmetric disconnection of the cortex by the SAE.
(17) Since the antisera (with the exception of that for thromboxane B2) do not recognise the underivatised PG or the oxime (=NOH) form, oxime formation can be carried out in parallel with methyl oxime formation and the oximated portion of the sample can act as a "reference" for the methyl oximated portion, which will allow non specific interference to be recognised.
(18) To find antiviral agents, various sulfonamidobenzophenone oximes (II) were synthesized from the appropriate m-sulfonamidobenzophenones by hydroxylamine reaction.
(19) Although the lung enzyme does not exhibit detectable substrate activity with primary arylamines, it catalyzes N-oxygenation of alkylamines to oximes.
(20) This contrasts with those results obtained using the bispyridinium oxime obidoxime[1,1'-(oxy bis(methylene)) bis(4-(hydroxyimino)methyl) pyridinium dibromide].