(v. t.) To set on fire; to cause to burn with flame; to ignite; to cause to begin burning; to start; to light; as, to kindle a match, or shavings.
(v. t.) Fig.: To inflame, as the passions; to rouse; to provoke; to excite to action; to heat; to fire; to animate; to incite; as, to kindle anger or wrath; to kindle the flame of love, or love into a flame.
(v. i.) To take fire; to begin to burn with flame; to start as a flame.
(v. i.) Fig.: To begin to be excited; to grow warm or animated; to be roused or exasperated.
Example Sentences:
(1) The anticonvulsant properties of the endogenous excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenic acid (KYA), were studied in prepubescent and adult rats using the amygdaloid kindling model of epilepsy.
(2) For the purpose of contributing methodologically to experimental research on epilepsy, we investigated whether a difference exists in kindling development between acute and chronic preparations using identical species of animals, kindled brain tissues, stimulus intervals, and intensities.
(3) The kainate and quisqualate types of excitatory amino acid receptor were visualized autoradiographically in brain sections from rats kindled by stimulating the angular bundle.
(4) A corrective effect of Nicotinamide on oxidation processes in ganglion and neuroglial cells of cerebral cortex sensorimotor zone in "kindling" phenomenon was studied in the experiments on mice of C57BL line.
(5) PHT, CBZ, VPA, and CZP, SK&F 89976-A and SK&F 100330-A inhibited seizures in corneally kindled rats.
(6) The inhibitory effect of serotonin on the kindling model of epilepsy was investigated in the adult rat.
(7) In the second experiment, 15- and 30-day-old rats underwent unilateral carotid ligation followed by kindling in the ipsilateral amygdala.
(8) If Obama is your new iPad, Sarah Palin is your old Kindle.
(9) Electrical amygdaloid kindling was carried out with a 15 min inter-stimulus interval (ISI) in a control situation with intravenous (i.v.)
(10) We suggest that the NE-dependent mechanism responsible for the seizure suppression observed to follow concurrent, alternate stimulation and the suppression of seizure development using single-site kindling paradigms may be the same.
(11) GABAergic neurons and terminals are also increased in the hippocampus of seizure-sensitive gerbils, and kindling of the hippocampus and amygdala appears to enhance GABAergic inhibitory mechanisms.
(12) Based on an hypothesis that links electrical kindling in the limbic system (leading to seizures) to reverse tolerance or sensitivity to cocaine's effects, carbamazepine is being tested as a treatment for human cocaine users.
(13) reversed the increase in locomotion and elevation of multiple squeak thresholds in the bilaterally kindled rats.
(14) In fully kindled animals a stimulus-induced generalized seizure gave rise to a three-fold increase of noradrenaline levels in the stimulated hippocampus as compared to baseline levels (15-min samples).
(15) In the present work no significant differences were found between the behaviour of FG7142-kindled rats and vehicle-treated controls in social interaction test, elevated plus maze, or the Vogel conflict test of anxiety or in tests of home cage aggression or startle responses.
(16) Amygdaloid kindling of rats produced an increase in hippocampal Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 and cholecystokinin immunoreactivities and simultaneously a decrease in dynorphin A1-8 content.
(17) The data suggest that GABA-T inhibitors, such as vigabatrin, differ from most antiepileptic drugs previously tested in the kindling model in that they may produce both anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects at the same dose in the same animal as a function of time after administration.
(18) However, the concentration of Asp decreased depending on the kindling stage, reaching the lowest value of 33% in comparison with the normal value.
(19) Thus, electrophysiological alterations within the first synaptic relay of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit, the dentate gyrus, cannot explain the long duration of the kindling effect.
(20) In brightness discrimination reaction (BDR) the learning performance of PTZ-kindled animals was not influenced.
Kitten
Definition:
(n.) A young cat.
(v. t. & i.) To bring forth young, as a cat; to bring forth, as kittens.
Example Sentences:
(1) Mild clinical signs of diarrhoea were noted in kittens infected experimentally with one of the feline reovirus type 2 isolates.
(2) Eight kittens born of two Brugia pahangi infected cats have been studied for transplacental passed microfilariae.
(3) Anesthetized, intubated kittens were subjected to one of two procedures: (1) insertion of a suction catheter to a predetermined distance and withdrawal with or without the application of suction or (2) insertion of the catheter until resistance was met and withdrawal with or without the application of suction.
(4) The development of visual acuity was studied longitudinally in young kittens, using a modification of the forced-choice preferential looking method (FPL) devised by Teller et al.
(5) In 7- to 10-day-old kittens thresholds are high (around 100 dB), and secure phase locking is observed only at frequencies below about 600 Hz.
(6) The cellular responses of 8 kittens (4 inoculated orally with mouse brains containing Toxoplasma gondii cysts and 4 uninfected controls) were studied.
(7) In these kittens, 26-40% of the striate cortex cells could be driven by the deprived eye.
(8) The paper describes the clinical and morphological features of a congenital neurological disease affecting two in-bred litter-mate kittens.
(9) The postnatal increase in size appeared to vary among neurons, yielding a wider neuronal size spectrum in the adult cat than that observed in kittens.
(10) Three groups of kittens were adapted to purified diets containing 43.5% soy protein that were either taurine-free (OT) or contained 0.15% taurine (NT) or 1.0% taurine (HT).
(11) Monocular and binocular depth thresholds were measured for all kittens when they were between three and five months old.
(12) Previous research by Bem has indicated that androgynous individuals of both sexes display "masculine" independence when under pressure to conform as well as "feminine" nurturance when interacting with a kitten.
(13) Stable intracellular recordings were obtained from 46 neurons in 20 kittens ranging in age from fetal day (F) 51 to postnatal day (P) 120.
(14) Y axons in the kitten had only small arborizations within lamina A (less than fifty terminal boutons per axon) but heavily innervated lamina C. The structure of the terminal boutons on the kitten r.g.c.
(15) The initially unoperated kitten had its callosum sectioned at five months and was retested following surgery.
(16) Using an antibody prepared against taurine conjugated to bovine serum albumin with glutaraldehyde, the distribution of taurine in cerebellum of newborn and 8-week-old kittens from mothers fed 0, 0.02, 0.05, or 1% dietary taurine has been determined.
(17) It has been established that interhemispheric relations in the kitten associative cortex are mediated, not only by the callosal, but also by the extracallosal system, which was evidenced by the presence of late negative components preserved after callosotomy.
(18) The two formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines were found to be safe for use in kittens.
(19) One year after treatment, the kitten remained free of clinical signs of the disease or complications from the repair.
(20) With the aim of obtaining some basic information for future developmental studies, the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) was investigated in 32 kittens of different ages by electron microscopic and stereologic methods.