(n.) The expanded upper end of the windpipe or trachea, connected with the hyoid bone or cartilage. It contains the vocal cords, which produce the voice by their vibrations, when they are stretched and a current of air passes between them. The larynx is connected with the pharynx by an opening, the glottis, which, in mammals, is protected by a lidlike epiglottis.
Example Sentences:
(1) Because of the small number of patients reported in the world literature and lack of controlled studies, the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the larynx remains controversial; this retrospective analysis suggests that combination chemotherapy plus radiation offers the best chance for cure.
(2) The present study examines kinematic details of the laryngeal articulatory gesture in 2 deaf speakers and a control subject using transillumination of the larynx.
(3) General anaesthesia with apneic oxygenation may offer the ENT surgeon increased possibilities of exploration and operation at the level of the larynx and trachea, but owing to its biological consequences, it should be used only with circumspection and its indications should be totally justified, for acts of limited duration.
(4) Although the majority of papillomatous lesions of the oral cavity and the larynx contain papillomavirus DNA sequences, other benign and malignant lesions still remain negative.
(5) Compared to related compounds, N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and N-nitrosobis(2-acetoxy-propyl)amine which are also pancreatic carcinogens, BOP induced only a few neoplasms of the lung, liver, and kidney and none in the nasal cavity, larynx, and trachea.
(6) The respiratory functions of the oropharynx, larynx, and trachea of normal human fetuses in utero were explored by means of real-time, two-dimensional ultrasonography combined with color-flow and spectral Doppler analysis.
(7) Three hundred sixteen female patients with cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth were examined and the following cancer sites were compared with respect to alcohol and tobacco consumption: oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, epilarynx, lip, and mouth.
(8) Simultaneously a significant decrease of the oxidative activity of serum ceruloplasmin in the individuals with carcinoma of the larynx after a previous surgical treatment was observed.
(10) Hypoxic mixtures introduced into the larynx did not change breathing.
(11) Attacks of HANE, sometimes fatal when involving the larynx may, among other causes, be triggered by the anesthetist's manipulation of the upper airway (tracheal intubation).
(12) When tracheal intubation is essential and mouth opening is less than 25 mm, it is unlikely that the larynx will be visualized by direct laryngoscopy.
(13) To review the physiologic basis for normal and abnormal vagal reflexes arising from the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus, as well as the relevance of vagal reflexes to the pathogenesis of such clinically common cardiorespiratory responses as bradycardia, tachycardia, dysrhythmia, coronary angiospasm, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, prolonged apnea, and singultus (hiccups).
(14) Together with regional and topical anesthesia of the larynx and trachea, this method resulted in stable maternal hemodynamics without resulting in neonatal depression.
(15) The risk for a smoker of developing cancer of the larynx depends on the activity of the enzyme arylhydroxcarbonhydroxylase in his cells.
(16) IR-ACTH, IR-gamma MSH, and IR-beta END were detected in all six pheochromocytomas and all 12 lung tumors (six squamous cell carcinomas, five adenocarcinomas, and one small cell carcinoma) we examined, as well as in a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.
(17) Hypoparathyroidism occurs secondary to surgery for carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx in which a total thyroidectomy is required.
(18) Loss of HLA class I antigens was more frequent on basal cell carcinomas and sarcomas and was related to tumour differentiation on larynx carcinoma.
(19) Recent studies have shown the rat larynx to be an important organ in the evaluation of irritancy of inhaled materials.
(20) These pathways affect the following respiratory structures: bronchial smooth muscle; the mucociliary system; the larynx; and the nose.
Pharynx
Definition:
(n.) The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and some amphibias.
Example Sentences:
(1) Cancer of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus has decreased in all Japanese migrants, but the decrease is much greater among Okinawan migrants, suggesting they have escaped exposure to risk factors peculiar to the Okinawan environment.
(2) The sites involved primarily were the nasal cavity, tonsil and pharynx and about one-fourth of the total cases showed extensive involvement of two anatomical sites at initial presentation.
(3) The method allows reconstructive operations to be conducted on the distal part of the internal carotid artery with preservation of the intactness and function of the muscles and nerves of the pharynx.
(4) Three hundred sixteen female patients with cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth were examined and the following cancer sites were compared with respect to alcohol and tobacco consumption: oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, epilarynx, lip, and mouth.
(5) CR-ir was also observed in nerve fibers surrounding neuronal cell bodies in autonomic ganglia, and in nerve endings in the lip, tongue, incisal papilla, soft palate, pharynx and epiglottis.
(6) To review the physiologic basis for normal and abnormal vagal reflexes arising from the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus, as well as the relevance of vagal reflexes to the pathogenesis of such clinically common cardiorespiratory responses as bradycardia, tachycardia, dysrhythmia, coronary angiospasm, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, prolonged apnea, and singultus (hiccups).
(7) This approach can be expanded to reach almost any tumor of the pharynx and radical neck dissection can be incorporated.
(8) Hypoparathyroidism occurs secondary to surgery for carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx in which a total thyroidectomy is required.
(9) Esophageal strictures involved the pharynx or cervical esophagus in eight cases and were multiple in five; they ranged in length from 2 mm to 15 cm and tended to progress over time.
(10) Bacteriological examination of the stool and pharynx is useful in the management of immunocompromised patients.
(11) Four sensors in the pharynx simultaneously measure multiple pressure levels, with no need to move the catheter during sleep.
(12) Health workers must be familiar with proper resuscitation techniques, especially avoidance of excessive suctioning of the pharynx, and be alert to signs of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
(13) Congenital, neuromuscular and motor abnormalities of the pharynx, esophagus and diaphragm, coupled with intra- and extraluminal factors, play roles in the pathogenesis of esophageal diverticula.
(14) Chemical burns of the mouth, pharynx, and digestive passages have been reviewed in regard to the nature of the injury and wound description.
(15) This persistently reduced PaO2 in the former group is therefore most likely due to the physical presence of the endoscope in the pharynx.
(16) Probable site of action: pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
(17) The spirochaetes remain motile in the pharynx and oesophageal diverticula for several hours but are apparently immobilised in the midgut (Kumm & Turner, 1936).
(18) We have tested this hypothesis by examining the pressure-area relationship of the pharynx in 13 patients and in 7 control subjects.
(19) The pharynx was rapidly labelled when NBD-cholesterol was added in medium with or without serum or attached to red blood cells only.
(20) Therefore, manometric measurements made in the pharynx during bolus flow are not invalidated by variations in the orientation of the catheter.