(n.) That which is laid; a stratum; a bed; one thickness, course, or fold laid over another; as, a layer of clay or of sand in the earth; a layer of bricks, or of plaster; the layers of an onion.
(n.) A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propagation.
(n.) An artificial oyster bed.
Example Sentences:
(1) By 24 hr, rough endoplasmic reticulum in thecal cells increased from 4.2 to 7% of cell volume, while the amount in granulosa cells increased from less than 3.5% to more than 10%; the quantity remained relatively constant in the theca but declined to prestimulation values in the granulosa layer.
(2) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(3) None of the other soft tissue layers-ameloblasts, stratum intermedium or dental follicle--immunostain for TGF-beta 1.
(4) Adding a layer of private pensions, it was thought, does not involve Government mechanisms and keeps the money in the private sector.
(5) Intraepidermal clefting starts at the junction between the basal and epidermal layers, and later involves all of the levels of the stratum spinosum.
(6) These data suggest that basophilic cell function in the superficial mucous layer in the nose is of greater significance in the development of nasal symptoms in response to nasal allergy than either mucociliary activity or nasal mucosal hypersensitivity to histamine.
(7) Likewise, they had little or no effects on the fluorescence anisotropy of TMA-DPH, which is also thought to be located in the interfacial region of the lipid bilayer, either when the probe was located in the outer layer of the plasma membrane or when the probe was located in the inner membrane compartment.
(8) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(9) Separation of PL by thin-layer chromatography revealed a prevalence of phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine.
(10) Thin layers of carbon (20 microns) and vacuoles (30 microns) suggested a large temperature gradient along the tissue ablation front.
(11) In cat, DARPP-32-immunoreactive cell bodies identified as Müller cells were demonstrated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) with processes closely surrounding the cell soma of photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer.
(12) Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions.
(13) We demonstrated that while the protein was incorporated into the cell layer at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hr, a far greater amount was secreted into the media.
(14) From this proliferating layer, precursor cells migrate outwards to reach the developing neostriatum in a sequential fashion according to two gradients of histogenesis.
(15) In many areas there are additional indications of thalamic terminations in deeper layers.
(16) Their narrowed processes pass at a common site through the muscle layer and above this layer again slightly widen and project above the neighbouring tegument.
(17) One month after unilateral transection of the fimbria-fornix an almost complete lack of cholinergic fibers persists in all layers of the dorsal hippocampus and fascia dentata ipsilateral to the lesion when compared to the contralateral hippocampus or to unlesioned control rats.
(18) After methylene blue, the gradient in resting potential across the circular layer was greatly reduced or abolished.
(19) In contrast, boundary layer diffusion is operative in the release from the matrixes prepared by compression of physical mixtures.
(20) This hydrostatic pressure may well be the driving force for creating channels for acid and pepsin to cross the mucus layer covering the mucosal surface.
Subcutaneous
Definition:
(a.) Situated under the skin; hypodermic.
Example Sentences:
(1) This particular variant of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the presence of subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules, scanty or absent systemic manifestations and a clinically benign course.
(2) All of the rabbits immunized with FCA developed sterile subcutaneous abscesses.
(3) In contrast, albino rats and rabbits failed to succumb to overt disease by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes of inoculation.
(4) Subcutaneous adipose tissue extracellular glucose was investigated in vivo in man with a microdialysis technique.
(5) Rats were injected subcutaneously with 10 ml of air into the dorsal skin to make an air-pouch and with 2 ml of antiserum at an appropriate dilution for passive sensitization, and then 5 ml of air was removed.
(6) The results obtained on fat cell membranes from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue demonstrated the following.
(7) Five daily injections of TGF beta-1 or -2 were administered subcutaneously over the frontal and parietal bones of seven-week-old mice.
(8) Accordingly, we repleted vitamin D-depleted rats with subcutaneous injections of 2600, 520, and 130 pmoles of cholecalciferol (D3), 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3), and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3), respectively, for up to 3 weeks.
(9) A more pronounced and significant inhibition was observed in chicks given BCG subcutaneously 8 weeks before the start of the dietary regimen.
(10) A case of multiple, subcutaneous, neutrophilic abscesses due to T. rubrum in an immunosuppressed renal allograft recipient is described.
(11) The DTH responses were induced by subcutaneous injection of allogeneic epidermal cells (ECs) and were assayed by footpad swelling.
(12) In short term clinical studies, the beneficial effects of transdermal estradiol on plasma gonadotrophins, maturation of the vaginal epithelium, metabolic parameters of bone resorption and menopausal symptoms (hot flushes, sleep disturbance, genitourinary discomfort and mood alteration) appear to be comparable to those of oral and subcutaneous estrogens, while the undesirable effects of oral estrogens on hepatic metabolism are avoided.
(13) Prolonged beta-adrenergic stimulation obtained by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats elicited ventricular fibrillation in approximately 80% of animals at 10-12 months of age.
(14) There is no previous report of a subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma developing in radiation dermatitis.
(15) From the subcutaneous transplanted tumors a large number of MLuC1-positive tumor cells could easily be recovered, thus indicating the validity of the in vivo methodology.
(16) Subcutaneous polymorphic sarcomas were induced in 8 out 27 offspring of syrian golden Hamsters after treatment of pregnant mother animals at day 15 of gestation with Adenovirus 12.
(17) Perinephric rabbit fat was divided into small particles with scissors and razor blades and then injected subcutaneously into the donor rabbit.
(18) They were given to volunteers by the subcutaneous route with and without the addition of Al (OH)3 as adjuvant.
(19) Because haptenated cells can induce immunity if injected subcutaneously or into cyclophosphamide-pretreated recipients (thereby avoiding the induction of suppressor cells), we suggest that the activation of contrasuppressor cells by antigen-antibody complexes overrides suppressive influences in the host, allowing immunity to become dominant.
(20) This study reports on biological response modification induced by prolonged continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) infusion of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) with particular attention to changes of soluble CD14.