(n.) That which is laid; a stratum; a bed; one thickness, course, or fold laid over another; as, a layer of clay or of sand in the earth; a layer of bricks, or of plaster; the layers of an onion.
(n.) A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propagation.
(n.) An artificial oyster bed.
Example Sentences:
(1) By 24 hr, rough endoplasmic reticulum in thecal cells increased from 4.2 to 7% of cell volume, while the amount in granulosa cells increased from less than 3.5% to more than 10%; the quantity remained relatively constant in the theca but declined to prestimulation values in the granulosa layer.
(2) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(3) None of the other soft tissue layers-ameloblasts, stratum intermedium or dental follicle--immunostain for TGF-beta 1.
(4) Adding a layer of private pensions, it was thought, does not involve Government mechanisms and keeps the money in the private sector.
(5) Intraepidermal clefting starts at the junction between the basal and epidermal layers, and later involves all of the levels of the stratum spinosum.
(6) These data suggest that basophilic cell function in the superficial mucous layer in the nose is of greater significance in the development of nasal symptoms in response to nasal allergy than either mucociliary activity or nasal mucosal hypersensitivity to histamine.
(7) Likewise, they had little or no effects on the fluorescence anisotropy of TMA-DPH, which is also thought to be located in the interfacial region of the lipid bilayer, either when the probe was located in the outer layer of the plasma membrane or when the probe was located in the inner membrane compartment.
(8) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(9) Separation of PL by thin-layer chromatography revealed a prevalence of phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine.
(10) Thin layers of carbon (20 microns) and vacuoles (30 microns) suggested a large temperature gradient along the tissue ablation front.
(11) In cat, DARPP-32-immunoreactive cell bodies identified as Müller cells were demonstrated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) with processes closely surrounding the cell soma of photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer.
(12) Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions.
(13) We demonstrated that while the protein was incorporated into the cell layer at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hr, a far greater amount was secreted into the media.
(14) From this proliferating layer, precursor cells migrate outwards to reach the developing neostriatum in a sequential fashion according to two gradients of histogenesis.
(15) In many areas there are additional indications of thalamic terminations in deeper layers.
(16) Their narrowed processes pass at a common site through the muscle layer and above this layer again slightly widen and project above the neighbouring tegument.
(17) One month after unilateral transection of the fimbria-fornix an almost complete lack of cholinergic fibers persists in all layers of the dorsal hippocampus and fascia dentata ipsilateral to the lesion when compared to the contralateral hippocampus or to unlesioned control rats.
(18) After methylene blue, the gradient in resting potential across the circular layer was greatly reduced or abolished.
(19) In contrast, boundary layer diffusion is operative in the release from the matrixes prepared by compression of physical mixtures.
(20) This hydrostatic pressure may well be the driving force for creating channels for acid and pepsin to cross the mucus layer covering the mucosal surface.
Tapetum
Definition:
(n.) An area in the pigmented layer of the choroid coat of the eye in many animals, which has an iridescent or metallic luster and helps to make the eye visible in the dark. Sometimes applied to the whole layer of pigmented epithelium of the choroid.
Example Sentences:
(1) A tapetum or basal retinula cells are not developed.
(2) Ophthalmoscopic examinations performed during recovery revealed changes of slight increase in tapetal islets, suggestive of a slight progression and organization within the tapetum followed by an arrest of the toxic insult within the tapetal tissue.
(3) In conditions that simulate the tapetum they continue normal gametophytic development to produce functional pollen.
(4) It was concluded that the morphology and structural architecture of choroidal melanocytes of dogs or cats are different from those of human eyes and closely correspond to the tapetum.
(5) These observations led to this comparative study on several morphological, histochemical and biochemical parameters on mature ferrets, dogs and cats including: (1) the number of center tapetum cell layers, (2) thickness of center tapetum, (3) presence of a microtubule-like structure in each tapetal rod, (4) presence of electron-dense cores in tapetal rods after prolonged fixation in glutaraldehyde, (5) retention of reflection or color of tapetum after prolonged glutaraldehyde fixation, (6) zygomatic bones of eye orbits, (7) zinc content in tapetum, (8) cysteine in the tapetum, (9) cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase in liver, (10) thickness of retina from center tapetum, (11) anterior view of skull configuration, and (12) lateral view of skull configuration (jaw and teeth).
(6) Blebs made with Hanks' solution over the pigmented RPE resorbed 22% faster than those over the tapetum.
(7) The receptory area of the ocellus terminates in a tapetum which contains granules, soluble in alcohol.
(8) The retina and tapetum of kittens born to taurine-deficient and taurine-supplemented mothers were compared.
(9) This species possesses a choroidally located tapetum lucidum in the superior fundus and over this tapetal area, melanosomes are absent from the RPE cells.
(10) A semicircular area of the retinal epithelium in the superior fundus is further specialized as a tapetum lucidum.
(11) In contrast, the tapetum lowers luminance threshold by at most 0.16 log unit.
(12) It is speculated that the hereditary defect may be defective synthesis of the tapetal rodlet matrix or of the zinc-complexing substance of the tapetum.
(13) As the entire fundus is overlain with a choroidally located tapetum cellulosum, only at the extreme periphery is an occasional melanosome present in these epithelial cells.
(14) These rodlets are the reflective material of the tapetum and are arranged with their long axes perpendicular to the incoming light.
(15) The reflecting material of the tapetum lucidum of the sea catfish (Arius felis) was chromatographed on Sephadex LH-20 in methanol-dimethyl sulphoxide-formic acid.
(16) Over the tapetum however it is reduced to a trilaminate structure and when associated with the indented capillary profiles is further reduced to a single thickened basal lamina.
(17) As for a receptor mechanism, the tapetum, or reflective layer of the retina, present in most land mammals, but absent in humans, enhances dim illumination.
(18) This pathophysiological correlation indicates that the occiptiomesencephalic projections of the internal sagittal stratum and the peristriate interhemispheric connections of the tapetum are not necessary for smooth pursuit system function.
(19) Plants expressing the modified glucanase from tapetum-specific promoters exhibited reduced male fertility, ranging from complete to partial male sterility.
(20) Its principal features include (1) the presence of a dense matrix, possibly a new type of tapetum lucidum, in the pigment epithelium, (2) a well developed photoreceptor layer containing large rods, single, double and triple cones, and (3) well developped inner nuclear and plexiform layers, with the exception of horizontal cells which are few and relatively small.