(n.) That which is laid; a stratum; a bed; one thickness, course, or fold laid over another; as, a layer of clay or of sand in the earth; a layer of bricks, or of plaster; the layers of an onion.
(n.) A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propagation.
(n.) An artificial oyster bed.
Example Sentences:
(1) By 24 hr, rough endoplasmic reticulum in thecal cells increased from 4.2 to 7% of cell volume, while the amount in granulosa cells increased from less than 3.5% to more than 10%; the quantity remained relatively constant in the theca but declined to prestimulation values in the granulosa layer.
(2) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(3) None of the other soft tissue layers-ameloblasts, stratum intermedium or dental follicle--immunostain for TGF-beta 1.
(4) Adding a layer of private pensions, it was thought, does not involve Government mechanisms and keeps the money in the private sector.
(5) Intraepidermal clefting starts at the junction between the basal and epidermal layers, and later involves all of the levels of the stratum spinosum.
(6) These data suggest that basophilic cell function in the superficial mucous layer in the nose is of greater significance in the development of nasal symptoms in response to nasal allergy than either mucociliary activity or nasal mucosal hypersensitivity to histamine.
(7) Likewise, they had little or no effects on the fluorescence anisotropy of TMA-DPH, which is also thought to be located in the interfacial region of the lipid bilayer, either when the probe was located in the outer layer of the plasma membrane or when the probe was located in the inner membrane compartment.
(8) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(9) Separation of PL by thin-layer chromatography revealed a prevalence of phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine.
(10) Thin layers of carbon (20 microns) and vacuoles (30 microns) suggested a large temperature gradient along the tissue ablation front.
(11) In cat, DARPP-32-immunoreactive cell bodies identified as Müller cells were demonstrated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) with processes closely surrounding the cell soma of photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer.
(12) Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions.
(13) We demonstrated that while the protein was incorporated into the cell layer at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hr, a far greater amount was secreted into the media.
(14) From this proliferating layer, precursor cells migrate outwards to reach the developing neostriatum in a sequential fashion according to two gradients of histogenesis.
(15) In many areas there are additional indications of thalamic terminations in deeper layers.
(16) Their narrowed processes pass at a common site through the muscle layer and above this layer again slightly widen and project above the neighbouring tegument.
(17) One month after unilateral transection of the fimbria-fornix an almost complete lack of cholinergic fibers persists in all layers of the dorsal hippocampus and fascia dentata ipsilateral to the lesion when compared to the contralateral hippocampus or to unlesioned control rats.
(18) After methylene blue, the gradient in resting potential across the circular layer was greatly reduced or abolished.
(19) In contrast, boundary layer diffusion is operative in the release from the matrixes prepared by compression of physical mixtures.
(20) This hydrostatic pressure may well be the driving force for creating channels for acid and pepsin to cross the mucus layer covering the mucosal surface.
Underlay
Definition:
(v. t.) To lay beneath; to put under.
(v. t.) To raise or support by something laid under; as, to underlay a cut, plate, or the like, for printing. See Underlay, n., 2.
(n.) To put a tap on (a shoe).
(v. i.) To incline from the vertical; to hade; -- said of a vein, fault, or lode.
(n.) The inclination of a vein, fault, or lode from the vertical; a hade; -- called also underlie.
(n.) A thickness of paper, pasteboard, or the like, placed under a cut, or stereotype plate, or under type, in the from, to bring it, or any part of it, to the proper height; also, something placed back of a part of the tympan, so as to secure the right impression.
Example Sentences:
(1) After about 3 weeks of culture, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-pretreated fetal rat brain cells showed focal proliferation of neural cells on an underlayer of flat, epithelioid cells.
(2) These in vitro findings probably account for the remarkable results obtained in infections which up to now had mortality rates of 30 to 60 per cent, depending on the patient's underlaying condition.
(3) The type I + III collagen underlayer is reorganized when grafted.
(4) On the other hand, the alpha blockers might interfere with the ionic mechanisms underlaying the 4-AP effect thus, masking the removal of the noradrenergic control, due to an alpha blockade.
(5) The stromal underlayer has the typical morphological structure: its cells are compactly packed in the form of a skein with stromal mechanocytes among them.
(6) It is suggested that the motoneuron excitability changes within the interspike interval underlay the relationship between the motoneuron firing rate and effectiveness of the excitatory afferent volley.
(7) We report the anatomical and functional results of 156 myringoplasty; 134 with onlay surgical technique and 22 with underlay technique.
(8) Repair of the tympanic membrane with an underlay connective tissue graft (fascia in 90%) was successful in 97% of the ears.
(9) The small, underlayer scales, which on the flagella are shown to be arranged in 24 rows, number about 350000; larger scales of more complex construction number about 20 000.
(10) On pathological basis (simple, purulent and cholestéatomatous otitis) they used the overlay or the underlay method.
(11) A circus movement with antegrad conduction through the AV node and retograde conduction through an accessory pathway was found as the underlaying mechanism of the tachycardia.
(12) Flat cytoplasmic extensions of squamous cells underlay most of the goblet cell basal pole which therefore had only a small area on the basal lamina.
(13) In arterial walls collagen type III was detected immediately underlaying the endothelial cell layer and in the tissue between tunica elastica interna and adventitia.
(14) After dividing the posterior anulus, the flaps are rotated anteriorly, a maneuver that provides ample exposure of the middle ear and greatly simplifies underlay fascia grafting.
(15) In double soft-agar culture, colony formations of cancer cells in the overlayer were stimulated or inhibited by the presence of various kinds of fibroblast in the underlayer.
(16) Charged £2,339 in September 2005 for supply and fitting of "magnolia cavalier cavalace velvet wool carpet with cloud and cumulus underlay".
(17) These facts do not contradict our previous suggestion that the lipid-protein interactions underlay the regulative action mechanism of the natural bioactive ligands.
(18) The colony-stimulating activity of unfractionated conditioned medium was equivalent to the activity of standard peripheral blood underlayers.
(19) Transmural infarction underlay each case of ruptured ventricular septum, while in ruptured papillary muscle 11 of 20 cases showed subendocardial infarction.
(20) This problem has been solved by the layering of an intermediate D2O solution under the BSA and subsequent removal of the BSA solution and the underlaying with D2O containing glutaraldehyde.