(n.) A cutaneous disease which first appears as blebs or as reddish, shining, slightly prominent spots, with spreading edges. These are often followed by an eruption of dark or yellowish prominent nodules, frequently producing great deformity. In one variety of the disease, anaesthesia of the skin is a prominent symptom. In addition there may be wasting of the muscles, falling out of the hair and nails, and distortion of the hands and feet with destruction of the bones and joints. It is incurable, and is probably contagious.
Example Sentences:
(1) The differential diagnosis is more complex in Hawaii due to the presence of granulomatous diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy.
(2) Leprosy is an uncommon disease in Saudi population.
(3) Mononuclear phagocytic cells from patients with either principal form of leprosy functioned similarly to normal monocytes in phagocytosis while their fungicidal activity for C. pseudotropicalis was statistically significantly altered and was more evident in the lepromatous than in the tuberculoid type.
(4) Serum levels of vitamins A and E, zinc and iron were determined in healthy control subjects and lepromatous leprosy patients belonging to an eastern state of India.
(5) A rare coincidence of cutaneous Rhinosporidiosis and Lepromatous leprosy is reported.
(6) In order to study the polyspecificities of human autoantibodies expressed during infection with Mycobacterium leprae we prepared human monoclonal antibodies derived from the fusion of peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with lepromatous leprosy to the human lymphoblastoid line GM 4672.
(7) The present report is a continuation of our earlier studies on the complex interaction between undernutrition and leprosy.
(8) It is known that the impairment of cell-mediated immunity (CM) exists in lepromatous leprosy patients.
(9) Age specific prevalence rates of leprosy after examining more than 80% of population from these colonies are compared with data derived from normal slums situated elsewhere in the city.
(10) The possible epidemiological significance of these findings for the transmission of leprosy in man is discussed.
(11) Consistently higher antigen positivity rates for the 35-, 12-, and 30- to 40-kDa components of M. leprae were observed in lepromatous leprosy patients than in tuberculoid leprosy patients.
(12) The results suggest that macrophages from patients with either tuberculoid or lepromatous leprosy are not by themselves capable of lysing live M. leprae.
(13) In 83 per cent of cases the nephrotic syndrome was due to minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, membranous usually secondary to tuberculosis or leprosy, was present in only 34 patients.
(14) Histopathologically, the lesions display caseating and noncaseating dermal granulomas that mimic those seen in tuberculosis, tuberculoid leprosy, sarcoidosis, and other diseases.
(15) Leprosy is one of the leading causes of corneal hyposensitivity.
(16) The presence of high anti-EBV antibody titers in lepromatous leprosy suggests that cell-mediated immunity is a significant factor in host response to EBV infection.
(17) Overall in the contacts, 71.7% were Mitsuda positive and 93.6% showed seropositivity, without regard to their age, sex, or leprosy type of their index case.
(18) In the nine index leprosy cases the pattern of responsiveness to the purified antigens paralleled that to whole sonicates from M. leprae and BCG.
(19) When incidence and prevalence of leprosy are low, testing with these antigens would not be cost effective, unless applied to high risk individuals.
(20) The protocol was devised by first evaluating a range of kits in London using a battery of African and non-African sera and then field testing 1455 sera in Malaŵi, which included 184 sera from leprosy patients and 60 sera from syphilis patients to check for cross-reactivity.
Scurvy
Definition:
(n.) Covered or affected with scurf or scabs; scabby; scurfy; specifically, diseased with the scurvy.
(n.) Vile; mean; low; vulgar; contemptible.
(n.) A disease characterized by livid spots, especially about the thighs and legs, due to extravasation of blood, and by spongy gums, and bleeding from almost all the mucous membranes. It is accompanied by paleness, languor, depression, and general debility. It is occasioned by confinement, innutritious food, and hard labor, but especially by lack of fresh vegetable food, or confinement for a long time to a limited range of food, which is incapable of repairing the waste of the system. It was formerly prevalent among sailors and soldiers.
Example Sentences:
(1) This symptom is connected with high blood levels of cortisol, which are probably also involved in the injuries to connective tissue known in scurvy.
(2) We report three patients who highlight the epidemiology, clinical features, and differential diagnosis of scurvy.
(3) Scurvy developed in a 56-year-old man with poor dietary intake and was associated with knee hemarthroses and synovial thickening.
(4) This was soon accompanied by other “medicinal” drinks such as the gimlet, to avoid scurvy on ship, and pink gin, which was said to help seasickness.
(5) This study shows that guinea pigs fed 100 times the amount of vitamin C needed for growth and for prevention of scurvy have elevated levels of complement component C1q.
(6) Feed samples were submitted to a laboratory for analysis and were confirmed deficient in vitamin C. Follow-up radiographs showed large calcifying subperiosteal hematomas in epiphyseometaphyseal regions, consistent with a diagnosis of scurvy.
(7) A case of scurvy during prolonged stay in hospital is presented.
(8) In either case it implies the accumulation in scurvy of low-molecular-weight peptides enriched in proline and deficient in hydroxyproline and could explain the failure to accumulate a high-molecular-weight collagen deficient in hydroxyproline.
(9) Scurvy, which is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C, is mostly attributed to the decreased synthesis of collagen.
(10) Total IGFBP-3 in the experimental sera was increased about 30%, while there was little effect of scurvy or fasting on the level of BP-3 activity isolated by acid extraction of the high mol wt region of the S200 column.
(11) Familiarity with the risk factors for and clinical manifestation of scurvy can facilitate earlier diagnosis.
(12) Two types of pathologic state are unquestionably the concern of vitaminotherapy: More or less specific and intense vitamin deficiencies: Rickets, scurvy, beri beri, pellagra, vitamin deficiency related to alcohol consumption, polyneuritis, encephalopathy, malabsorption, mucoviscidosis, etc.
(13) The incidental discovery of scurvy in a patient with a symptomatic hiatal hernia has led to the identification of 9 other individuals with chemically proved vitamin C deficiency secondary to an expressed aversion to "acid" food in any form.
(14) The osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS) rat is a mutant Wistar rat that is subject to scurvy, because it lacks L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis.
(15) Old people living alone and in poverty are most at risk for developing scurvy, but the diagnosis may be missed unless the physician is aware of it.
(16) In OD rats, the dietary requirement of ascorbic acid to maintain normal growth and prevent any signs of scurvy is about 300 mg of ascorbic acid per kilogram diet.
(17) Clinical manifestations of scurvy were exhibited, however, when animals receiving no ascorbic acid supplement were treated with the steroid hormones for 7 d. All of these animals died by d 10.
(18) The common cold studies indicate that the amounts of vitamin C which safely protect from scurvy may still be too low to provide an efficient rate for other reactions, possibly antioxidant in nature, in infected people.
(19) Moderate vitamin C deficiency, in the absence of scurvy, results in alteration of antioxidant chemistries and may permit increased oxidative damage.
(20) This is illustrated by some epidemiological examples (ergotism, scurvy, yellow fever, English sweat, diphtheria and malaria).