(n.) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; -- used for transmitting and modifying force and motion. Specif., a bar of metal, wood, or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.
(n.) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it.
(n.) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it.
Example Sentences:
(1) In this experiment animals were trained to lever press in two distinctive contexts.
(2) Orientation and lever responding were not functionally related.
(3) In older stages, the cervical joints rotate according to geometric and lever arm principles.
(4) In EastEnders , the mystery surrounding the identity of Kat's secret squeeze continues amid the grinding of narrative levers and the death rattle of overflogged script-horses.
(5) Cats were trained to press a lever for 0.5--1.0 ml of milk reward both in the presence and absence of ambient light.
(6) Setting out how Britain would have a lever over the rest of the EU to demand repatriation of UK competences, Cameron said: "What's happening in Europe right now is massive change being driven by the existence of the euro.
(7) When lever pressing was established, the 2-kHz signal was presented through a speaker adjacent to the response lever according to a different set of variable intertrial intervals.
(8) Officials said the changes to the planning rules will mean it is possible to lever in billions of private sector development in low-cost housing.
(9) Rats were allowed to bar press on either of two levers (left and right).
(10) Knee flexion is synchronized with ankle dorsiflexion by a synchronizer rod and lever.
(11) In order to study the interactions between serotonergic mechanism and electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic central gray substance, rats were trained to lever-press for terminating aversive electric stimuli applied at the Periaqueductal gray and adjoining tectum of the mesencephalon.
(12) Rats were trained to press a lever to obtain a brief burst of pulses to the lateral hypothalamus.
(13) But its original meaning is the practice of using the levers of the state and of government to get difficult things done that otherwise wouldn't happen.
(14) Intact rats and rats bearing lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNX rats) were trained to obtain food by pressing either of two levers located on opposite sides of a cylindrical cage.
(15) We found that attenuation of lever-pressing and water intake by raclopride were not more separated in dose than after, for example, haloperidol.
(16) Young rats weaned at 16 days were taught to press a lever by shaping at 18 days and trained for 11 days (from 20 to 30 days of age) on a fixed-interval 60-sec schedule, at a rate of 5 half-hour sessions per day.
(17) In contrast, the selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitors, desipramine and talsupram, and the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, citalopram, occasioned averages of only 13 to 19% drug-lever responding.
(18) When reinforcement was not available, each lever response produced a 0.5-sec green light on the key.
(19) Rats implanted with placebo pellets and given access to morphine reestablished lever pressing, while those given access to isotonic saline extinguished their lever pressing.
(20) Levels of acetylcholine were significantly elevated in the telencephalon and diencephalon + mesencephalon of rats killed by near-freezing during conditioned suppression of food-reinforced lever pressing, whereas levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine were not altered.
Pedal
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the foot, or to feet, literally or figuratively; specifically (Zool.), pertaining to the foot of a mollusk; as, the pedal ganglion.
(a.) Of or pertaining to a pedal; having pedals.
(a.) A lever or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte to raise the dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes; a treadle, as in a lathe or a bicycle.
(a.) A pedal curve or surface.
Example Sentences:
(1) Twenty volunteers were used for the measurement of pedal pressures for 15 trials during three separate sessions.
(2) There is Ed Sheeran , with a guitar and loop pedal, and Chris Martin leaping around the stage with the rest of Coldplay providing a dourer backdrop.
(3) A crank arm length of 170 mm and pedalling rate of 100 rpm correspond closely to the cost function minimum.
(4) The authors suggest that pedal varix may be a more common occurrence than previously documented.
(5) The alpha- and beta-endorphin antisera produced a positive immunoreaction in some gastric epithelial cells, in some perikarya of the pedal ganglia, and in some nervous fibers.
(6) Advancing to the edge of the Ireland penalty area, he tries to pick out Thierry Henry, but his pass is wayward and a panic-stricken, back-pedalling Ireland defence clears.
(7) Pedal radiographs can provide significant information in formulating an opinion.
(8) Collection of EMGs of soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, vastus medialis and rectus femoris lasted for 200 msec after stimulation, which was triggered when the pedal was 56 degrees beyond top-dead-center.
(9) Analysis of the activity of each unit was made at intervals from the beginning of the conditioned signal (light or sound) to the beginning of lapping milk which appeared in the feeding trough after the cat pressed the pedal.
(10) At 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 minutes after injection, the presence or absence of the laryngoscopic reflex, pedal reflex, and jaw tone were recorded.
(11) This occurs between the joint moments necessary to contribute to joint power and the moments necessary to establish a direction of the force on the pedal which allows this force to do work on the pedal.
(12) One unique insight gained via this new method is the functional role that individual leg muscles play in the pedalling process.
(13) Co-activation of mono-articular agonists and their bi-articular antagonists appear to provide a unique solution for these conflicting requirements: bi-articular muscles appear to be able to control the desired direction of the external force on the pedal by adjusting the relative distribution of net moments over the joints while mono-articular muscles appear to be primarily activated when they are in the position to shorten and thus to contribute to positive work.
(14) Visiting an exercise class, Mr Blair, without changing out of his suit, spent some minutes pedalling on an exercise bike for the benefit of cameramen.
(15) Direct arterial pressures were measured via cannulation of the dorsal pedal artery and were correlated with indirect measurements through an inflatable cuff placed over the dorsal pedal artery below the hock joint of the contralateral limb.
(16) Nothing in this context can be soft-pedalled and excused.
(17) There is, however, little available literature concerning pedal digital fractures.
(18) The method consists of simultaneously measuring both the normal and tangential pedal forces, the EMGs of eight leg muscles, and the crank arm and pedal angles.
(19) Intracellular stimulation of individual neurons in the symmetrical B neuron clusters of the cerebral ganglion also evoked pedal and parapodial contractions.
(20) SIS SVB was performed to a variety of vessel combinations using "Y" graft, continuous, or vein extension techniques achieving early patency in all limbs, despite pedal arch disease.