(n.) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; -- used for transmitting and modifying force and motion. Specif., a bar of metal, wood, or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.
(n.) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it.
(n.) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it.
Example Sentences:
(1) In this experiment animals were trained to lever press in two distinctive contexts.
(2) Orientation and lever responding were not functionally related.
(3) In older stages, the cervical joints rotate according to geometric and lever arm principles.
(4) In EastEnders , the mystery surrounding the identity of Kat's secret squeeze continues amid the grinding of narrative levers and the death rattle of overflogged script-horses.
(5) Cats were trained to press a lever for 0.5--1.0 ml of milk reward both in the presence and absence of ambient light.
(6) Setting out how Britain would have a lever over the rest of the EU to demand repatriation of UK competences, Cameron said: "What's happening in Europe right now is massive change being driven by the existence of the euro.
(7) When lever pressing was established, the 2-kHz signal was presented through a speaker adjacent to the response lever according to a different set of variable intertrial intervals.
(8) Officials said the changes to the planning rules will mean it is possible to lever in billions of private sector development in low-cost housing.
(9) Rats were allowed to bar press on either of two levers (left and right).
(10) Knee flexion is synchronized with ankle dorsiflexion by a synchronizer rod and lever.
(11) In order to study the interactions between serotonergic mechanism and electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic central gray substance, rats were trained to lever-press for terminating aversive electric stimuli applied at the Periaqueductal gray and adjoining tectum of the mesencephalon.
(12) Rats were trained to press a lever to obtain a brief burst of pulses to the lateral hypothalamus.
(13) But its original meaning is the practice of using the levers of the state and of government to get difficult things done that otherwise wouldn't happen.
(14) Intact rats and rats bearing lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNX rats) were trained to obtain food by pressing either of two levers located on opposite sides of a cylindrical cage.
(15) We found that attenuation of lever-pressing and water intake by raclopride were not more separated in dose than after, for example, haloperidol.
(16) Young rats weaned at 16 days were taught to press a lever by shaping at 18 days and trained for 11 days (from 20 to 30 days of age) on a fixed-interval 60-sec schedule, at a rate of 5 half-hour sessions per day.
(17) In contrast, the selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitors, desipramine and talsupram, and the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, citalopram, occasioned averages of only 13 to 19% drug-lever responding.
(18) When reinforcement was not available, each lever response produced a 0.5-sec green light on the key.
(19) Rats implanted with placebo pellets and given access to morphine reestablished lever pressing, while those given access to isotonic saline extinguished their lever pressing.
(20) Levels of acetylcholine were significantly elevated in the telencephalon and diencephalon + mesencephalon of rats killed by near-freezing during conditioned suppression of food-reinforced lever pressing, whereas levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine were not altered.
Pulley
Definition:
(v. t.) A wheel with a broad rim, or grooved rim, for transmitting power from, or imparting power to, the different parts of machinery, or for changing the direction of motion, by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain.
(b. t.) To raise or lift by means of a pulley.
Example Sentences:
(1) The model consists of electrically stimulating the lower leg muscles to contract against a weighted pulley bar.
(2) The traumatic agent is the sudden extension while the finger is holding an object and the flexor digitorum profundus is strongly contracted: the tendon retracts and the stump can be found either at the distal pulley, at the bifurcation of the superficialis tendon, or in the palm of the hand.
(3) Nine tendons were repaired with each of four suture patterns: single-locking loop, double-locking loop, triple-locking loop, or three-loop pulley.
(4) There was no evidence of a synovial cell layer on the surface of the A1 pulleys in either normal or trigger digits.
(5) The "pulley effect" of the skin and soft tissue as a supplement to the fibro-osseous pulleys in reducing tendon bow-stringing was also noted.
(6) Therefore, a method was developed to reconstruct the fibro-osseous pulleys with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane.
(7) The pulleys were studied in specific configurations to determine their effectiveness in transforming tendon excursion into finger flexion.
(8) Pulley advancement increased the tendon excursion required to flex this joint and thus the mechanical advantage at this joint, but only when the joint was partly flexed.
(9) It is not yet known whether it has sufficient breaking strength to meet the functional demands of human pulleys.
(10) Suddenly, we were back in the age of ropes and pulleys and brute strength to deliver her into the hands of the mechanised world.
(11) Pulley positions are relatively constant throughout postnatal development, with the gross anatomic characteristics correlating closely to those of the adult hand.
(12) Some rigged up pulley systems to hoist shopping to their windows, where the glass was cracked and fixed with tape.
(13) The whole flexor apparatus was resected and a single digital pulley (A 2) was reconstructed, using segments of the animals own deep flexor tendon.
(14) Suggested minimum requirements for the breaking strength of artificial implant pulleys may be made based on these studies.
(15) Flexor pulley restoration and the importance of maintaining strong pulley support are discussed and surgical techniques including those for flexor tendon grafting and reconstruction are described.
(16) The transverse fibers of the palmar aponeurosis are attached by vertical septa to the underlying transverse metacarpal ligament and thus form a pulley over the flexor tendons.
(17) The synthetic Nitex pulley appears to have the potential to function as an effective fibro-osseous pulley replacement.
(18) The triple-locking loop and three-loop pulley patterns were close in strength and only the triple-locking loop was stronger than the double-locking loop.
(19) The long-term results of the key grip procedure (tenodesis of the flexor pollicis longus tendon to the radius, release of the A1 pulley, and percutaneous pin fixation of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb) were evaluated in 10 tetraplegic patients.
(20) Satisfactory grip functions were restored for all patients after the secondary pulley reconstruction.